Internet Technologies & Super computing

Run Chromium as ROOT

2012-02-12T14:28:00.001+07:00

Simply modify the /etc/chromium-browser/default file to add this flag to the chromium flags:

--user-data-dir

And voilá, chromium starts in a root profile!

Setting Python Tab correctly on TextMate

2011-12-24T13:19:00.001+07:00

In python as we know tabs are typesetter, in order to do programming correctly, tabs should be set properly.

Preferences > Advanced > Shell Variables > add a new entry with the name TM_SOFT_TABS and a value of YES.

It should look like as:

Python CGI UTF-8

2011-12-24T09:44:00.002+07:00

Writing cgi UTF-8 in python you should care few things

1. Python file should be saved in the UTF-8 format.

2. Initials of the python file content
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8

3. Changing the string val to from unicode to xmlcharacter so that browser can display it correctly.

import codecs
tmpstr = unicode(val,'utf-8').encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace')

print tmpstr

Python Selecting Random Item from List

2011-12-06T13:36:00.001+07:00

#!/usr/bin/env python

ListColor = ['BF0000', '009525', '000', 'DC77B3', 'C05905', '7DD966' , '6003BF']

from random import choice

print choice(ListColor)

Mac OSX pygraphviz program dot not found: Solution

2011-09-20T09:29:00.001+07:00

This is a bug. You need to fix by editing file agraph.py of the pygraphviz package
at about line number 1240
For me file was at ~/.local/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz/agraph.py

Change
FROM:
runprog=self._get_prog(prog)

TO:
runprog="/opt/local/bin/dot"

where /opt/local/bin/dot is actual path of the program "dot" of graphviz
if you are using neato then change the path accordingly

pygraphviz install mac osx

2011-09-17T23:17:00.001+07:00

before I was getting error like ValueError: Program nop not found in path.

and also ValueError: Program dot not found in path.

bash-3.2$ sw_vers
ProductName: Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.6.4
BuildVersion: 10F569

bash-3.2$ dot -V
dot - graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600)

bash-3.2$ python -V
Python 2.6.6

bash-3.2$ cd pygraphviz/
bash-3.2$ python setup.py install --user

This last command did the trick

Python Clone List

2011-06-28T14:20:00.003+07:00

Stackoverflow credited

You have various possibilities:

    You can slice it: new_list = old_list[:]

    You can use the built in list() function: new_list = list(old_list)

    You can use generic copy.copy(): import copy; new_list = copy.copy(old_list)

    This is a little slower than list() because it has to find out the datatype of old_list first.

    If the list contains objects and you want to copy them as well, use generic copy.deepcopy():

    import copy
    new_list = copy.deepcopy(old_list)

    Obviously the slowest and most memory-needing method, but sometimes unavoidable.

    speed comparison of the various list cloning methods:
        new_list = copy.deepcopy(old_list): 10.5920000076
        pure python Copy() method copying classes with deepcopy: 10.1569998264
        pure python Copy() method not copying classes (only dicts/lists/tuples): 1.4880001545
        for item in old_list: new_list.append(item): 0.325999975204
        new_list = [i for i in old_list] (a list comprehension): 0.217000007629
        new_list = copy.copy(old_list): 0.186999797821
        new_list = list(old_list): 0.0750000476837
        new_list = []; new_list.extend(old_list): 0.0529999732971
        new_list = old_list[:] (list slicing): 0.0390000343323

Android Samsung change keyboard layout

2011-04-30T22:07:00.001+07:00

tap on google tabbar on main page
input method. >> Select Keyboard layout.

SwingUtilities.invokeLater

2011-04-22T10:33:00.004+07:00

The static utility method invokeLater(Runnable) is intended to execute a new runnable thread from a Swing application without disturbing the normal sequence of event dispatching from the Graphical User Interface (GUI). The method places the runnable object in the queue of Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) events that are due to be processed and returns immediately. The runnable object's run() method is only called when it reaches the front of the queue. The deferred effect of the invokeLater(Runnable) method ensures that any necessary updates to the user interface can occur immediately, and the runnable work will begin as soon as those high priority events are dealt with. The invoke later method might be used to start work in response to a button click that also requires a significant change to the user interface, perhaps to restrict other activities, while the runnable thread executes.
Ex:

SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable(){

public void run(){

outputArea.append(messageToDisplay);

}

});

The Swing Library is not thread safe, which means that only one thread may create or modify swing objects. This is the AWT Event thread. Whenever Swing calls a listener method, it is executed on the AWT Event thread, so you may modify Swing objects here. InvokeLater causes Swing to run a given runnable when it can on the AWT Event thread. You should use invokeLater any time you want to modify a Swing object outside of a listener method.

SSH Proxy Tunnel

2011-04-20T20:00:00.002+07:00

ssh -N -p 22 -g -c 3des -D 1080 user@192.168.1.2

Mac OSX Admin Password reset

2011-04-05T15:22:00.001+07:00

There are two methods
(1) Using a Mac OSX install DVD

Turn on your Mac and boot from the install CD.
If you're using Mac OS X 10.6, navigate to
Utilities » Password Reset
and create a new admin password.
If you're using Mac OS X 10.4 or 10.5, navigate to
Utilities » Reset Password
and create a new admin password.
If you're using Mac OS X 10.3, navigate to
Installer » Password
and create a new admin password.

(2) Without a Mac OS install disk

If you don't have an installer CD, it's still easy to reset the admin password.

Turn on your Mac and boot in single-user mode by pressing Apple+S.
Once it boots into single-user mode, you have to mount the hard disk in write mode, delete the .AppleSetupDone file under /var/db/ (note the dot before the filename) and reboot. Prior to this, check the hard disk consistency with fsck . Type:
```
/sbin/fsck -y /sbin/mount -uaw rm /var/db/.AppleSetupDone reboot 
```

Convert DOCX to DOC on Mac OSX

2011-04-05T15:17:00.001+07:00

You have file "file.docx" to convert, run the following command on Mac OSX.

$ textutil -convert doc file.docx

This will create file file.doc in the same folder

Slimming Down aMSN on OSX

2011-02-06T14:33:00.001+07:00

pujan@host $ cd /Applications/
pujan@host $ lipo aMSN.app/Contents/MacOS/aMSN -thin i386 -output aMSN.app/Contents/MacOS/aMSN.i386
pujan@host $ cd aMSN.app/Contents/MacOS/
pujan@host $ ls -la
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pujan admin 83K Dec 15 14:47 aMSN.i386
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pujan admin 171K Dec 15 14:47 aMSN
pujan@host $ rm aMSN
pujan@host $ mv aMSN.i386 aMSN

PDF in Safari OSX

2011-01-30T11:24:00.001+07:00

(1) PDF Browser Plugin only works in 32-bit mode of Safari.

To switch to 32-bit mode select Safari in Safari.app,

Click Command+I Key on it. Then Select "Open in 32-bit mode".

(2) After that you can install http://www.schubert-it.com/pluginpdf/

(3) Restart Safari and here it goes.

PHP Turn off reporting errors and warnings

2011-01-25T09:51:00.001+07:00

If you like to turn off error in the php file then add the following code --

<code>
    ini_set('display_errors', 'Off');
    ini_set('display_startup_errors', 'Off');
    error_reporting(0);
</code>

Install GUI on Trixbox or Elastix or any Centos Based Linux

2010-12-15T13:11:00.001+07:00

yum groupinstall "X Window System" "GNOME Desktop Environment"

then issue command

# startx

OpenJDK soon to arrive for Mac OSX

2010-12-14T09:46:00.001+07:00

Oracle and Apple Announce OpenJDK Project for OSX Approved

Good news all around! Oracle and Apple announced the OpenJDK project for Mac OS X. Apple will contribute most of the key components, tools and technology required for a Java SE 7 implementation on Mac OS X, including a 32-bit and 64-bit HotSpot-based Java virtual machine, class libraries, a networking stack and the foundation for a new graphical client. OpenJDK will make Apple's Java technology available to open source developers so you can access and contribute to the effort.

See you OpenJDK.

Date Linux Commands

2010-11-30T09:31:00.004+07:00

$ date

Wed Jun 23 15:43:23 CEST 2010   # print a custom date (same as %Y-%m-%d)

$ date  +%F

2010-06-23   # print a custom time format

$ date  +%H:%M:%S.%N

15:46:47.230995518   # ...and a custom string

$ date  "+Today is %A in %B, it's the week no. %V"

Today is Wednesday in June, it's the week no. 25

Format of Date String

       FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:
 
       %%     a literal %
 %a     locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) 
       %A     locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) 
       %b     locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) 
       %B     locale's full month name (e.g., January) 
       %c     locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005) 
       %C     century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) 
       %d     day of month (e.g, 01) 
       %D     date; same as %m/%d/%y 
       %e     day of month, space padded; same as %_d 
       %F     full date; same as %Y-%m-%d 
       %g     last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) 
       %G     year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V 
       %h     same as %b 
       %H     hour (00..23) 
       %I     hour (01..12) 
       %j     day of year (001..366) 
       %k     hour ( 0..23) 
       %l     hour ( 1..12) 
       %m     month (01..12) 
       %M     minute (00..59) 
       %n     a newline
 %N     nanoseconds (000000000..999999999) 
       %p     locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known 
       %P     like %p, but lower case 
       %r     locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM) 
       %R     24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M 
       %s     seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 
       %S     second (00..60) 
       %t     a tab 
       %T     time; same as %H:%M:%S 
       %u     day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday 
       %U     week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53) 
       %V     ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53) 
       %w     day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday 
       %W     week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53) 
       %x     locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99) 
       %X     locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48) 
       %y     last two digits of year (00..99) 
       %Y     year 
       %z     +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400) 
       %:z    +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00) 
       %::z   +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00) 
       %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision 
              (e.g., -04, +05:30) 
       %Z     alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) 
       By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.  
       The following optional flags may follow `%':
 -      (hyphen) do not pad the field
 _      (underscore) pad with spaces
 
       0      (zero) pad with zeros 
       ^      use upper case if possible 
       #      use opposite case if possible

Crontab Example

2010-11-30T08:44:00.003+07:00

crontab -l <----- list all current crontab scheduled for current user.

crontab -e <----- edit crontab for this user

A line in crontab file like below removes the tmp files from /home/someuser/tmp each day at 6:30 PM.

30 18 * * * rm /home/someuser/tmp/*

Changing the parameter values as below will cause this command to run at different time schedule below :

min	hour	day/month	month	day/week	Execution time
30	0	1	1,6,12	*	00:30 Hrs on 1st of Jan, June & Dec.

0	20	*	10	1-5	8.00 PM every weekday (Mon-Fri) only in Oct.

0	0	1,10,15	*	*	midnight on 1st ,10th & 15th of month

5,10	0	10	*	1	At 12.05,12.10 every Monday & on 10th of every month
:

Reset Forgotten MySQL Root Password

2010-11-17T12:09:00.004+07:00

1. Log in as root and stop the mysql daemon.

root@linux # /etc/init.d/mysql stop

2. Start up the mysql daemon and skip the grant tables which store the passwords.

mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

You should see mysqld start up successfully.

3. You should be able to connect to mysql without a password.

root@linux # mysql --user=root mysql

mysql > update user set Password=PASSWORD('new-password') where user='root';
mysql > flush privileges;
mysql > exit;

4. Now kill your running safe_mysqld. Then start mysql normally. You should be good to go. Try not to forget password again.

root@linux # /etc/init.d/mysql start

TextMate Like Editor for Ubuntu

2010-10-20T17:23:00.001+07:00

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mystilleef/scribes-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install scribes

SVN: Trunk and Branch Definition

2010-10-18T23:19:00.001+07:00

Trunk - is the main content/sources of development, originating from the the start of the project til now.

Branch will be a copy of code derived from a certain point in the trunk that is used for applying major changes to the code while preserving the integrity of the code in the trunk. If the major changes work according to plan, they are usually merged back into the trunk.

OSX How to convert CHM to HTML

2010-10-01T16:21:00.001+07:00

$ sudo port install chmlib
$ extract_chmLib example.chm directory

How to keep your OSX faster

2010-09-29T10:16:00.001+07:00

(1) Check/Repair Disk Permissions
Applications/Utilities/Disk Utilities/

(2) Remove Unwanted Programs using 3rd Party or Manually
3rd party software may be appcleaner (free)

(3) Give some space for virtual memory
2Xsize of RAM should be atleast available on your hard disk.

(4) Always upgrade OS and its software using system update
Apple Sign > Software Update

(5) Remove Languages which you do not need.

(6) Restart everyday just not hibernate/sleep the whole week.

(7) Delete all your autofill entries from time to time. Do this by going to Safari preferences.

(8) Clear out login items Its good to check that unwanted programs are not starting up when you login to your Mac.

(9) Clear Desktop Its been reported numerous times that having a clear desktop can increase the speed of your Mac. So either put your junk in folders or delete it!

(10) use ONYX and remove/edit more hidden preferences such as animation etc.

OSX make /usr available in the Finder

2010-09-22T18:09:00.001+07:00

sudo chflags nohidden /usr

as a result, the /usr directory instantly appears in the root-level Finder window, save dialog box, etc.

Postgresql external connections allow

2010-09-20T14:23:00.003+07:00

1. add the following line into the file
/etc/postgresql/...../postgresql.conf: (port number setting is also here)
listen_addresses = '*'

2. PostgreSQL by default refuses all connections it receives from any remote address. You have to relax these rules by adding this line to /etc/postgresql.../pg_hba.conf:

host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # or trust

3. Restart PostgreSQL server.
/etc/init.d/postgresql restart

OSX Mac Startup Techniques

2010-09-16T09:28:00.001+07:00

Mac OS X startup is nothing like other Unix systems. Most significantly, Mac OS X has nothing like the /etc/init.d directory. Instead, it finds its startup items via the launchd startup program. The launchd daemon offers a single, standardized, interface to any and all programs started automatically by the system. One of the key weaknesses of cron, inetd, and init has been the limited primary control interface. Your options in controlling them are to start them, stop them, or send them a signal indicating that it's time to reload all the configuration files.

The launchctl program allows individual jobs to be started or stopped, but also allows other interactions with launchd. A specific job can be stopped or started without affecting others. Jobs can always be restarted, and resource limits can be set for future jobs. A single job can be added to the system without any interruption of existing services.

Mac OS X has never used System V runlevels. Starting/Stopping services of some daemon is unnecessary with launchd; since launchd maintains direct control over the jobs it launches, you don't need to write special code for it. Whenever possible, catch SIGTERM and clean up quickly.

If your job needs to run even when no users are logged in, put it in /Library/LaunchDaemons.

If it is only useful when users are logged in, put it in /Library/LaunchAgents, or in the personal LaunchAgents directories of specific users.
Do not put your job in /System/Library, which is reserved for system-provided daemons.

Watch Live HTTP Real Time on OSX Mac using tcpdump

2010-09-15T14:17:00.002+07:00

tcpdump -i en0 -n -s 0 -w - | grep -a -o -E "Host\: .*|GET \/.*"

replace your network card en0 with en1 or eth0 etc.

----
Host: www.google.com
GET /intl/en_ALL/images/srpr/logo1w.png HTTP/1.1
Host: www.google.com

Understanding Pointers in C/C++ - Part-II

2010-09-10T00:02:00.003+07:00

Let's assume an 8 bit computer with 8 bit addresses (and thus only 256 bytes of memory). This is part of that memory (the numbers at the top are the addresses):

 45   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69
 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|    | 58 |    | | 63 |    | 55 |    |    | h  | e  | l  | l  | o  | \0 |    |
 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

What you can see here, is that at address 63 the string "hello" starts. So in this case, if this is the only occurrence of "hello" in memory then,

const char *c = "hello";

... defines c to be a pointer to the (read-only) string "hello", and thus contains the value 63. c must itself be stored somewhere: in the example above at location 58. Of course we can not only point to characters, but also to other pointers. E.g.:

const char **cp = &c;

Now cp points to c, that is, it contains the address of c (which is 58). We can go even further. Consider:

const char ***cpp = &cp;

Now cpp stores the address of cp. So it has value 55 (based on the example above), and you guessed it: it is itself stored at address 60.

Understanding Pointers in C/C++

2010-09-09T23:39:00.001+07:00

Courtesy Stack overflow ( I Like this thread that's why I am reposting it )

Before one can understand how pointers work, it is necessary to understand how variables are stored and accessed in programs. Every variable has 2 parts to it - (1) the memory address where the data is stored and (2) the value of the data stored.

The memory address is often referred to as the lvalue of a variable, and the value of the data stored is referred to as the rvalue (l and r meaning left and right).

Consider the statement:

int x = 10;

Internally, the program associates a memory address with the variable x. In this case, let's assume that the program assigns x to reside at the address 1001 (not a realistic address, but chosen for simplicity). Therefore, the lvalue (memory address) of x is 1001, and the rvalue (data value) of x is 10.

The rvalue is accessed by simply using the variable "x". In order to access the lvalue, the "address of" operator ('&') is needed. The expression '&x' is read as "the address of x".

Expression          Value
----------------------------------
 x                   10
&x                  1001

The value stored in x can be changed at any time (e.g. x = 20), but the address of x (&x) can never be changed.

A pointer is simply a variable that can be used to modify another variable. It does this by having a memory address for its rvalue. That is, it points to another location in memory.

Creating a pointer to "x" is done as follows:

int* xptr = &x;

The "int*" tells the compiler that we are creating a pointer to an integer value. The "= &x" part tells the compiler that we are assigning the address of x to the rvalue of xptr. Thus, we are telling the compiler that xptr "points to" x.

Assuming that xptr is assigned to a memory address of 1002, then the program's memory might look like this:

Variable    lvalue    rvalue
--------------------------------------------
x           1001      10   
 xptr        1002      1001

The next piece of the puzzle is the "indirection operator" ('*'), which is used as follows:

int y = *xptr;

The indirection operator tells the program to interpret the rvalue of xptr as a memory address rather than a data value. That is, the program looks for the data value (10) stored at the address provided by xptr (1001).

Putting it all together:

Expression      Value
--------------------------------------------
 x                   10
&x                  1001
xptr                1001
 &xptr               1002
*xptr               10

Now that the concepts have been explained, here is some code to demonstrate the power of pointers:

int x = 10;
 int *xptr = &x;
 
printf("x = %d\n", x);
printf("&x = %d\n", &x);        
 printf("xptr = %d\n", xptr);
printf("*xptr = %d\n", *xptr);
 
*xptr = 20;

printf("x = %d\n", x);
 printf("*xptr = %d\n", *xptr);

For output you would see (Note: the memory address will be different each time):

x = 10
&x = 3537176
 xptr = 3537176
*xptr = 10
 x = 20
*xptr = 20

Notice how assigning a value to 'xptr' changed the value of 'x'. This is because 'xptr' and 'x' refer to the same location in memory, as evidenced by '&x' and 'xptr' having the same value.

OSX Sudoers

2010-09-08T23:17:00.000+07:00

Mac OS X users who spend a lot of time in Terminal may find having to enter their account passwords when using sudo to be inconvenient. A few simple steps can disable this and allow you to use sudo without ever needing a password in Mac OS X .

Warning! Be aware that removing the password requirement to use sudo eliminates a level of security. If someone gains access to your account they will be able to easily escalate to root privileges.

First, edit /etc/sudoers as below

%User ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Then, in Terminal run the following command as root, replacing User with your account username:

dscl . append /Groups/wheel GroupMembership your_username

OSX Startup Options

2010-08-29T11:41:00.003+07:00

Keystroke	Description
Press C	Start up from a bootable CD/DVD, such as OSX Install disc.
Press D	Start up in Apple Hardware Test (AHT), if the Install DVD 1 is in the computer.
Opt-CMD-P-R	Reset NVRAM (press these combination until u hear 2beeps)
Press Option	Starts into Startup Manager, where u can select a OSX volume to start from. Note: Press N to make the the first bootable Network volume appear as well.
Press Eject, F12	Ejects any removable media, such as an optical disc.
Press N	Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot).
Press T	Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode.
Press Shift	Start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items. (press SFT until grey progress comes up)
Press CMD-V	Start up in Verbose mode.
Press CMD-S	Start up in Single-User mode.
Press Option-N	Start from a NetBoot server using the default boot image.

OSX's init.d

2010-08-19T00:00:00.001+07:00

whatis launchd
launchctl
launchctl list
launchctl help

I would like to restart Ganglia i.e. gmond and gmetad processes. First I will look, what the full name are
launchctl list | grep gm

launchctl stop com.42quarks.gmond
launchctl start com.42quarks.gmond
launchctl stop com.42quarks.gmetad
launchctl start com.42quarks.gmetad

Dig Commands DNS

2010-08-15T18:44:00.003+07:00

dig example.com any: returns SOA, NS, MX and domain SPF if defined
dig example.com example2.com example.org +short: Multiple sites are allowed
dig example.com. +short: Short Answer
dig example.com. A +noall +answer
dig example.com. MX +noall +answer
dig example.com. NS +noall +answer: Check who is DNS for example.com
dig @ns.ex.com ex.com +short: Use Specific NS ns.ex.com or 20x.x.x.x (NS should allow outside queries)
dig -x 20x.x.x.x : Reverse DNS
dig com. NS: shows you the (gTLD) top level DNS controlling the .com domain
dig example.com. +trace : will give you some DNS server performance data.
dig +nocmd example.com. any +multiline +noall +answer: answer with "the SOA records, multi-line format"
dig www +search:If you want to use local hostnames instead of fully qualified domain names, use the +search option.
dig +nocmd . NS +noall +answer +additional : Any DNS server connected to the Internet is likely to have a copy of the InterNIC's named.root file that lists the root name servers for the entire Internet. You can always download that file in the boring way from the InterNIC's ftp server.Or, in a true build-it-yourself fashion, you can build it with dig.

If you made changes and you wanna see if any of your DNS are still pushing the old data. The +nssearch provides a clear accounting of your public servers.
dig example.com +nssearch

OSX hidden secrets

2010-08-12T10:49:00.001+07:00

How to create video from iSight or External Camera at Mac: using iMovie.
How to enable ssh: System Preferences> Sharing>Enable remote login How to
Configure firewall on Mac: System Preferences> Sharing
How to record your screen as a video on Mac: Quicktime player 10+
Option-Click the Airport Menu for Extra Wireless Info
Quick Look - Select Item and Hit the Spacebar or SFT+CMD+Space
Option-Click Sound Menu to Change Input Source
Force Disk to Eject: diskutil eject disk1
Speech: CMD+P
Process Manger - Application/Utility/Activity Monitor
Flush DNS - dscacheutil -flushcache
Linux equivalent of netstat -naptu" on the Mac: lsof -nPi

asterisk show peer

2010-08-11T09:04:00.001+07:00

CLI>sip show peer 301

* Name       : 301
Secret       : <Set>
MD5Secret    : <Not set>
Context      : from-internal
Subscr.Cont. : <Not set>
Language     :
AMA flags    : Unknown
Transfer mode: open
CallingPres : Presentation Allowed, Not Screened
Callgroup    :
Pickupgroup :
Mailbox      : 301@device
VM Extension : *97
LastMsgsSent : 32767/65535
Call limit   : 50
Dynamic      : Yes
Callerid     : "device" <301>
MaxCallBR    : 384 kbps
Expire       : 3589
Insecure     : no
Nat          : Always
ACL          : Yes
T.38 support : No
T.38 EC mode : Unknown
T.38 MaxDtgrm: -1
CanReinvite : No
PromiscRedir : No
User=Phone   : No
Video Support: Yes
Text Support : No
Ign SDP ver : No
Trust RPID   : No
Send RPID    : No
Subscriptions: Yes
Overlap dial : Yes
DTMFmode     : rfc2833
Timer T1     : 500
Timer B      : 32000
ToHost       :
Addr->IP     : 202.1.1.6 Port 5060
Defaddr->IP : 0.0.0.0 Port 5060
Transport    : UDP
Def. Username: 301
SIP Options : (none)
Codecs       : 0x28000e (gsm|ulaw|alaw|h263|h264)
Codec Order : (ulaw:20,alaw:20,gsm:20)
Auto-Framing : No
100 on REG   : No
Status       : OK (7 ms)
Useragent    : MVClass1.0-alpha1Linux
Reg. Contact : sip:301@202.1.1.6:5060;transport=udp;registering_acc=202_2x_19x_70
Qualify Freq : 60000 ms
Sess-Timers : Accept
Sess-Refresh : uas
Sess-Expires : 1800 secs
Min-Sess     : 90 secs

How to see USB 's webcam inside OSX application.

2010-08-11T09:02:00.001+07:00

download macam's source code. it will have macam...component then put that compo into: /system/library/quicktime/.
it will be accessible to others program

SVN Server and Apache how to with authorization

2010-06-10T15:37:00.001+07:00

root@local:/# groupadd -r svn
root@local:/# useradd -r -g svn -d /srv/svn -s /bin/false svn

SVN Module to Apache
root@local:/# a2enmod dav
 root@local:/# a2enmod dav_svn
 root@local:/# cat /etc/apache2/conf.d/subversion.conf

   DAV svn
   SVNParentPath /srv/svn/repos
   SVNListParentPath On
   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "SVN access requires a password"
   AuthUserFile /srv/svn/user_access/svn_passwdfile
   Require valid-user

</Location>

Require valid-user

</Location>

</IfModule>

root@local:/# mkdir /srv/svn/user_access
root@local:/# touch /srv/svn/user_access/svn_passwdfile
root@local:/# chown root:www /srv/svn/user_access/svn_passwdfile
root@local:/# chmod 640 /srv/svn/user_access/svn_passwdfile
root@local:/# htpasswd2 /srv/svn/user_access/svn_passwdfile pujan
root@local:/# svn --version

Tweak
root@local:/# vi /etc/sysconfig/svnserve

SVNSERVE_OPTIONS="-d -R -r /srv/svn/repos" --> SVNSERVE_OPTIONS="-d -r /srv/svn/repos"

Configuration Time
root@local:/# cat /srv/svn/repos/mvc/conf/svnserve.conf

[general]
# anon-access = read
auth-access = write
password-db = passwd
realm = MVClass

Add User/Password
root@local:/# cat /srv/svn/repos/mvc/conf/passwd

[users]
pujan = xxxxxx

root@local:/# svnadmin create /srv/svn/repos/mvc
root@local:/# chown -R svn:svn mvc/
root@local:/# /etc/init.d/svnserve stop

Restart APACHE
root@local:/# /etc/init.d/apache restart

Start SVN Server
root@local:/# svnserve -d -r /srv/svn/repos/mvc/

Check Status
root@local:/# /etc/init.d/svnserve status

Pointers
http://yourhost/svn
svn://yourhost/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On Local PC Commit: Local to SVN Server
On Local PC Checkout: SVN Server to local pc.

Java Hashtables or Vectors

2010-06-07T23:02:00.001+07:00

If you are only using them for storage, then a Vector will be more efficient.

A Vector stores its elements in an array that is resized when its capacity is exceeded. Cycling through elements of a Vector with an Iterator or Enumeration can be very efficient because it only requires indexing into an array.

However, if you intend to randomly access the container values based on an arbitrary set of keys, then a Hashtable will be more appropriate since a Vector does not support that functionality. If you want to use the containers primarily for doing value-based lookups, then neither is appropriate.

Searching through a Vector is O(n), which means that given n elements, you may have to look at every element before finding what you are looking for. Unless you use a value as its own key, a Hashtable will be equally poor.

You should also keep in mind that the methods of both Vector and Hashtable are synchronized, which can reduce performance for sequential programs. You should instead try to use ArrayList and HashMap, which are found in the Java 2 Platform.

Google Collections Library 1.0

2010-05-25T15:57:00.001+07:00

http://code.google.com/p/google-collections/

The Google Collections Library 1.0 is a set of new collection types, implementations and related goodness for Java 5 and higher, brought to you by Google. It is a natural extension of the Java Collections Framework.

New Collection types: Multimap, Multiset, BiMap and others
High-performance immutable implementations of the standard collection types, for example ImmutableSet
MapMaker, a builder for concurrent hash maps with many advanced features
Ordering, which can only be described as a "Comparator on steroids"
Iterators and Iterables utility classes: element-based equality, cycle, concat, partition, filter with predicate, transform with function, and much more
Lists, Sets and Maps utility classes: a plethora of convenient factory methods and much more
Forwarding collections, such as ForwardingSet, allowing you to customize collection behavior without subclassing
Implementation helpers like AbstractIterator
and still more

Mac Finder's Protocol List

2010-05-24T13:30:00.001+07:00

afp://    Apple Filing Protocol
cifs://    Common Internet File System (Sharing)
ftp://     File Transfer Protocol
ftps://   File Transfer Protocol Secured
http://   Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
https:// Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secured
nfs://    Network File System
smb:// Samba Windows Folder Access
vnc://   Virtual Network Computing

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError

2010-05-21T14:56:00.003+07:00

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError -

This means that class loader has problem of finding exact class location.
Either there is more than one instance of the Class (in jar) on the classpath.
Which can be possibility of more than one jar which having same classes.
In this situation it is better to download javascan utility which will find the exact location of classes in the jar.

UML in latest netbeans

2010-05-09T15:54:00.001+07:00

You download UML netbeans6.8.....-ml-uml.zip from netbeans.org/downloads/zip.html
and extract into /Applications/Netbeans/Netbeansx/Contents/Resources/....

Creating JNI Library on Mac OSX from C and H files

2010-04-04T13:25:00.001+07:00

It is recommended that you use the Java JNI template in Xcode as a starting point for your JNI development. This template creates a bundled Mac OS X application with a JNI library inside its Resources folder.

JNI libraries are named with the library name used in the System.loadLibrary() method of your Java code, prefixed by lib and suffixed with .jnilib. For example, System.loadLibrary("hello") loads the library named libhello.jnilib. Java HotSpot also recognizes .dylib as a valid JNI library format as of Mac OS X v10.5.

To build as a dynamic shared library, use the -dynamiclib flag. Since your .h file produced by javah includes jni.h, you need to make sure you include its source directory. Putting all of that together looks something like this:

cc -c -I/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers sourceFile.c

cc -dynamiclib -o libhello.jnilib sourceFile.o -framework JavaVM

For example, if the files hello.c and hola.c contain the implementations of the native methods to be built into a dynamic shared JNI library that will be called with System.loadLibrary("hello"), you would build the resultant library, libhello.jnilib, with this code:

cc -c -I/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers hola.c

cc -c -I/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers hello.c

cc -dynamiclib -o libhello.jnilib hola.o hello.o -framework JavaVM

Often JNI libraries have interdependencies. For example assume the following:

libA.jnilib contains a function foo().
libB.jnilib needs to link against libA.jnilib to make use of foo().

Such an interdependency is not a problem if you build your JNI libraries as dynamic shared libraries, but if you build them as bundles it does not work since symbols are private to a bundle. If you need to use bundles for backward compatibility, one solution is to put the common functions into a separate dynamic shared library and link that to the bundle. For example:

Compile the JNI library.
cc -g -I/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers -c -o myJNILib.o myJNILib.c
Compile the file with the common functions.
cc -g -I/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers -c -o CommonFunctions.o CommonFunctions.c
Build the object file for your common functions as a dynamic shared library.
cc -dynamiclib -o libCommonFunctions.dylib CommonFunctions.o
Build your JNI library as a bundle and link against the dynamic shared library with your common functions in it.
cc -bundle -lCommonFunctions -o libMyJNILib.jnilib myJNILib.o

Note: When building JNI libraries, you need to explicitly designate the path to jni.h. This is in /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Headers/, not /usr/include/ as on some other platforms.

Note: After you have built your JNI libraries, make sure to let Java know where they are. It is recommended that you do this by putting your libraries into your application bundle and passing in the path with the -Djava.library.path option. It is also possible to do this by putting your libraries in /Library/Java/Extensions/, but this is discouraged, as it breaks the encapsulation of your bundle.

Wireshark Example: Capture Filter

2010-04-01T10:33:00.001+07:00

Wireshark Menu > Capture > Options > Capture Filter

Protocol

Direction

Host

Logical

Examples

tcp
udp
ip
arp
ether

dst
src

net
port
portrange
host

and
or
not

host 10.1.2.3
tcp dst 10.2.2.2 3128
tcp dst port 3128
ip src host 10.1.1.1
src portrange 2000-2500
src host 10.7.2.12 and not dst net 10.200.0.0/16
not icmp

multicast

no multicast

broadcast

Compiling Portaudio on Snow Leopard (Mac OS X 10.6)

2010-03-30T20:21:00.002+07:00

...

cc1: warnings being treated as errors
 src/common/pa_dither.c: In function  'PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither':
 src/common/pa_dither.c:73: warning: right shift count >= width of  type
 src/common/pa_dither.c:74: warning: right shift count >= width of  type
 src/common/pa_dither.c: In function  'PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither':
 src/common/pa_dither.c:100: warning: right shift count >= width of  type
 src/common/pa_dither.c:101: warning: right shift count >= width of  type
 lipo: can't figure out the architecture type of:  /var/folders/Yb/YbisVQwbFFiUBYFUlwO1yU+++TI/-Tmp-//cc52JJ8X.out
 make: *** [src/common/pa_dither.lo] Error 1
 ...

After getting type size errors, the configure script correctly identified sizeof(long int) to be 8 bytes on our system; however, the 32bit systems that the make file is also compiling for don't like this. To fix this, we need to edit the Makefile in the portaudio directory:

Open up the "Makefile" and remove the argument "-DSIZEOF_LONG=8" under the CFLAGS variable.
Now just run "make clean" and then "make" and it should all compile.

gstreamer install on mac osx

2010-03-18T10:54:00.001+07:00

Install needed ports:

Ports needed by gstreamer and gst-plugins-base:

gzip m4 perl5.8 pkgconfig bison flex gettext glib2 libiconv libxml2 py25-gobject py25-numeric python25 zlib liboil libogg libtheora libvorbis cdparanoia

Ports needed by gst-plugins-good:

libcdio aalib flac jpeg libcaca libdv libpng libshout2 speex taglib wavpack

Ports needed by gst-plugins-bad:

XviD libdts faac faad2 libmusicbrainz neon libsdl

Ports needed by gst-plugins-ugly:

a52dec lame libmpeg2 libmad libid3tag libdvdread

Or, the complete list for a full featured build with the max amount of plugins:

gzip m4 perl5.8 pkgconfig bison flex gettext glib2 libiconv libxml2 py25-gobject py25-numeric python25 zlib liboil libogg libtheora libvorbis cdparanoia libcdio aalib flac jpeg libcaca libdv libpng libshout2 speex taglib wavpack XviD libdts faac faad2 libmusicbrainz neon libsdl a52dec lame libmpeg2 libmad libid3tag libdvdread

Note: gst-plugins-bad would like x264, but one of x264's dependencies failed to compile on macports 1.6.0, so I left it out.

Download and extract the following packages from the gstreamer download site:

gstreamer-0.10.15.tar.bz2
gst-plugins-base-0.10.15.tar.bz2
gst-plugins-good-0.10.6.tar.bz2
gst-plugins-bad-0.10.5.tar.bz2
gst-plugins-ugly-0.10.6.tar.bz2
gst-ffmpeg-0.10.3.tar.bz2

Build each of gstreamer, gst-plugins-base, gst-plugins-good, gst-plugins-bad, gst-plugins-bad with:

  LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/opt/local/lib" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include -I/opt/local/include"  \
    PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig" \
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make DEPRECATED_CFLAGS="" && sudo make install
  

If error occurs in gst-plugins-bad or something
comment  b_bframe_adaptive  line as --> /*....*/

Now build gst-ffmpeg with --disable-mmx like so:

  LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/opt/local/lib" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include -I/opt/local/include"  \
    PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig"  \
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --disable-mmx && make DEPRECATED_CFLAGS="" && sudo make install

That should be it. Run gst-inspect to show the list of plugins - there should be at least 126 plugins present.

Telnet on Windows 7

2010-03-18T09:22:00.001+07:00

Open Control Panel.
Then go into programs.
Then in programs and features there should be a part that says 'turn windows features on or off ' .
Click 'turn windows features on or off ' then on the list that appears simply check the box beside: Telnet Client.
Then click ok.

How to discover NAT my configuration

2010-03-16T23:47:00.000+07:00

How to discover NAT my configuration

The simplest is to use a STUN client and a public STUN server.

You can find a STUN client with the project STUN at sourceforge. It's available for Unix, Mac and windows users.

A ready to run binary is offered for Windows users. Unix users (Linux, Solaris, MacOS, ...) will just have to compile the source by running the command make. Then run the newly created / installled command 'client' , you should get a small help.

Type the client command (the actual path may vary) pointing a a public STUN server.

client -v stun.fwdnet.net

If the result indicates that the NAT "preserves ports" in the final result statement it should work. If ports are not preserved then you need to look to other solution such are tunneling or a SIP proxy/router. You just have to double check that the port preservation is also respected for the SIP port (default 5060) and the RTP ports that you plan to use.

You can force the test on a given port by forcing the port with the option -p.

client -p 5060 stun.fwdnet.net

client -p 5004 stun.fwdnet.net

Good Copy Command

2010-03-12T12:12:00.001+07:00

cp -npRv "/Volumes/LocalUSB/Photos/" "/Volumes/RemoteUSB/Photos/"

Yes, it is the standard Unix copy (cp) command with a few options:

n - Do not overwrite an existing file
p - Preserves attributes, including resource forks
R - When the source file is a dir and the path ends in with a slash (/) then the entire contents of the dir are copied recursively
v - Causes files to be listed when copied

The n and R ensure that all new files are copied from the directory tree. Files already there are not re-copied. In short, a quick and efficient means of getting just the new photos copied over.

check my ip curl

2010-03-11T22:54:00.001+07:00

curl -s checkip.dyndns.org|sed -e 's/.*Current IP Address: //' -e 's/<.*$//'

How to Use Your Mac as a Wireless Router

2010-03-05T00:52:00.003+07:00

How to Use Your Mac as a Wireless Router

What You Need

- Mac OS
-- AirPort On
-- Ethernet On

Here’s how to do it:

You'll need a cable or DSL modem
a Mac (with a built-in AirPort wireless card) which is connected to your modem via an ethernet cable; and any number of portable and/or desktop computers which have wireless capability.

DSL/Ethernet Cable----->Macbook------Airport
System Preferences > Sharing.
In the Sharing window, click on the Internet tab to bring up Internet Sharing. Select Built-in Ethernet from the Share your connection menu. Then, select Airport in the “To computers using:” list.
Click on the Airport Option button to configure some wireless security options. You probably don’t want to be sharing your wireless connection with the whole neighborhood! Enter a WEP password, which will be required from the others wishing to join your new wireless network.
If you want to change IPs (release by your Airport) you have to edit /Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.nat.plist (back up before editing anything :-)

Static Compilation gcc or configure

2010-02-26T11:57:00.002+07:00

To compile a package (that comes with configure script) in a static way:

 configure LDFLAGS=-static
make LDFLAGS=-all-static

If Some Library Path can not be found in *.c file. You can include in the gcc compilation or in Makefile.

Do not add Library into PATH in bashrc or /etc/profile.

You need to set the include search path for the compiler using a command-line option (usually "-I") in your makefile or elsewhere.

adding -I/sw/include to CXXFLAGS in the make file works so all is good

gcc -I/sw/include

VLC Compilation

2010-02-25T10:20:00.004+07:00

# apt-get install libhal-dev libdbus-qt-1-dev libavc1394-0 libavc1394-dev libdvdread-dev libmad0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libpostproc-dev libfaad-dev libtwolame-dev liba52-dev libdca-dev libfribidi-dev libqt4-dev libraw1394-dev libdvdread-dev libavcodec-extra-52 libmpeg2-4-dev libdvbpsi5-dev libv4l-dev libtag1-dev liblua5.1-0-dev libshout3-dev libvcdinfo-dev libcddb2-dev libpulse-dev liblivemedia-dev

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-release --enable-switcher --enable-shout --disable-dc1394 --enable-dv --enable-dvdread --enable-v4l --enable-pvr --enable-gnomevfs --enable-vcdx --enable-faad --enable-twolame --enable-real --enable-realrtsp --enable-flac --enable-tremor --enable-tarkin --enable-theora --enable-ogg --enable-vorbis --enable-a52 --enable-gnomevfs --enable-dca --enable-run-as-root --enable-v4l2 --disable-glx

# make

# make install

-------
Note: Check if any warning appears during configure and try to solve that dependency and reconfigure

 Wireshark on Mac OSX

2010-02-04T13:03:00.002+07:00

Step 1:Download Wireshark from here. Mount the .dmg file.

Step 2: Drag the Wireshark application icon to Applications. Then, open up the Utilities folder in the disk image, and drag the ChmodBPF folder into the StartupItems folder there. After that, open up a new finder window and navigate to /usr/local/bin. Open up the Command Line folder in the disk image and drag those contents over to /usr/local/bin.

Step 3: Open up a terminal window and type in the following commands:

cd /Library/StartupItems chown -R root:wheel ChmodBPF

Step 4: Go to Applications and start Wireshark. Select Edit then Preferences from the Wireshark application window. Select Name Resolution, and click the Edit button next to "SMI (MIB and PIB paths". Click the new button, and enter /usr/share/snmp/mibs/ in the little Directory Path popup window. Click Apply.

Step 5: Exit Wireshark and reboot your PC.

windump TCPDUMP for windows

2010-01-27T18:44:00.002+07:00

This will provide a listing of the devices windump thinks are available. You can then use the command:

C:\pujan> windump -D

If you would like to monitor traffic then->

C:\pujan> windump -i device_num

C:\pujan> windump -nn -i 1

Adding IPv6 Address on Windows XP Netsh

2010-01-26T18:27:00.002+07:00

I believe you have install IPv6 package on Windows XP. By Default it is not enabled.
If you did not then you can do by the following command-
C:\ipv6 install
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\pujan>netsh ¬
netsh>interface ¬
netsh interface>ipv6 ¬
netsh interface ipv6>add address "Local Area Connection" 2001:3C8:1205::4
Ok.
(address is added on interface)

netsh interface ipv6>add route 2001:3C8:1205::/64 "Local Area Connection"
Ok.
(router address is added)
netsh interface ipv6>

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
netsh interface ipv6>add dns "Local Area Connection" 2001:3C8:1205::4
Ok.
(this will add DNS)

In order to remove above please replace add ->delete command

 My Favorite Applications on Macbook

2010-01-21T13:56:00.002+07:00

1. Quicksilver
2. Adium Messenger
3. Virtual Box
4. aLaunch
5. Porticus
6. Xee Photoviewer
7. Text wrangler
8. PaintBrush
9. Deeper - for accessing hidden parameters of macbook
10. Emacs
11. ffmpegx
12. Fontbook
13. Digital Color Meter

SSH terminal/bash

2010-01-21T13:31:00.001+07:00

if u have ppk file for security that means it is built for putty only.

You need to convert to xyz.ppk -> xyz.ssh

on different port

ssh -p 44 username@202.8.105.77 -i security-keys/pujan.ssh

Add Static IPv6 Address to Linux

2010-01-20T10:09:00.001+07:00

/etc/network/interfaces

iface eth0 inet6 static
address 2001:05CA:1201::3
netmask 64
gateway 2001:05CA:1201::1

 Install GNS3 on OSX

2009-12-23T23:51:00.002+07:00

Step 1 – libelf

Install libpcap by macports (porticus) or source code.

Step 2 – libelf

Most likely the port install dynamips failed with a rom2c error. This package will correct that issue. Go to a temporary directory such as your Downloads and do the following:

curl 'http://www.mr511.de/software/libelf-0.8.9.tar.gz' -o libelf-0.8.9.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libelf-0.8.9.tar.gz
cd libelf-0.8.9
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install

Step 3– dynamips

We are now ready to download a current version of Dynamips. You might want to check to see if a newer version is available. This is an example of the process:

curl 'http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/dynamips/dynamips-0.2.8-RC2.tar.gz' -o dynamips-0.2.8-RC2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf dynamips-0.2.8-RC2.tar.gz
cd dynamips-0.2.8-RC2

Before making "make",
vi Makefile
DYNAMIPS_ARCH=nojit

make
mv dynamips /usr/local/bin

Step 4 – Download & Install GNS3

Last but not least GNS3 itself. Simply go to the following URL, download the DMG and copy the application to your Applications folder. Once you are done point it to "/opt/local/bin/dynamips" and click Test. You should be ready to go now.

http://www.gns3.net/download

 MAC OSX: Installing triple boot without BootCamp [Ubuntu, Windows] in Few Easy Steps

2009-12-10T11:52:00.003+07:00

Installing triple boot without BootCamp [OSX, Ubuntu, Windows]

0. Install rEFIt on Mac OSX.

1. run command on Terminal in Mac OSX:
diskutil list
it will show you list of partition available. Suppose you have disk0s2 as main partition.
then run-
root# diskutil resizeVolume /dev/disk0s2 399G "JHFS+" "Linux" 50G "MS-DOS FAT32" "Windows" 50G

This will create 399GB for Mac, 50GB for Linux, and remain 50 GB for Windows. You can change this according to your hard disk and personal preferences.

2. Reboot your PC. Install Windows on the last Partition you created.

3. Reboot your PC, Install Ubuntu on Linux Partition. Please make sure that acpi = off. when you install Ubuntu. You can do this when booting is started, hit F6.

4. Done.

Set a timer on a Java Swing JDialog box to close after a number of milliseconds

2009-12-03T13:24:00.001+07:00

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        final JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "Test", true);
        Timer timer = new Timer(2000, new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                dialog.setVisible(false);
                dialog.dispose();
            }
        });
        timer.setRepeats(false);
        timer.start();

        dialog.setVisible(true); // if modal, application will pause here

        System.out.println("Dialog closed");
    }
}

Windows Useful command

2009-12-03T13:19:00.001+07:00

Win + Tab = Rotate Open programs
Win + Space= show desktop until u release these keys
Win + x = Open Mobility Center. Very useful
Win + G = Open widgests on top of all
Win + P = Open external monitor
Win + Home = Minimize/Restore all other windows except present
Win + Shift + Left/Right = Move that application to Left/Right Monitor.
Win + U = Onscreen Key Board
Win + E = My Computer / Explorer
Win + Break = System Properties

Add/Remove Programs = appwiz.cpl

Find bottlenecks
Click Start, type RESMON and press Enter to launch the Resource Monitor

Other

netsh diag gui
dxdiag
netstat -a
netstat -na
netstat -b
ipconfig /?

grep for windows findstr

2009-11-26T09:33:00.001+07:00

grep for windows

C:\Users\pujan> ipconfig|findstr IP
Windows IP Configuration
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::89dc:b53e:4b5:5775%11
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 201.15.31.84
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::dd5:76ea:61d8:82d1%20
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.1
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::a0c1:b2e8:19e:2860%21
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.170.1
   IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2002:cb9f:1f54::cb9f:1f54

C:\Users\pujan> ipconfig|findstr IPv4
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 201.15.31.84
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.1
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.170.1

C:\Users\pujan> ipconfig|findstr IPv6
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::89dc:b53e:4b5:5775%11
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::dd5:76ea:61d8:82d1%20
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::a0c1:b2e8:19e:2860%21
   IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2002:cb9f:1f54::cb9f:1f54

source list ubuntu

2009-11-07T20:50:00.001+07:00

Discontinued versions of Ubuntu are mirrored under http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/, which can be used to setup apt's sources.list.

For example, for Gutsy (7.10 or 7.04

), sources.list would look like:

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
 deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
 deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
 deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security universe
 deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security multiverse

Speed Up Firefox

2009-11-06T22:37:00.001+07:00

Change maximum number of requests If you're using a broadband connection, chances are that you can speed up Firefox by allowing it to perform multiple simultaneous requests to Web pages instead of performing one request at a time. To do this, type about:config in the URL bar (where you would normally enter a Web address) then look for the following entries, and make these changes:

network.http.pipelining – set this to "true"
network.http.proxy.pipelining – set this to "true"
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests – set the integer value to 20
network.dns.disableIPv6 – set this to "false"

Quit then re-launch Firefox after making these changes.

Reduce history Having tons of items stored in history can slow down Firefox's launch and operation speed significantly. Navigate to Tools > Options, then click on the "Privacy" tab. The default setting is 90 days. Reducing this number to 5 or 10 days can result in a substantial performance boost.

twitter update via command line

2009-11-05T00:39:00.001+07:00

curl -u pujansrt -d status="juggling with bash" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml

vlc install source Linux

2009-10-26T15:12:00.001+07:00

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-live555 --enable-release --enable-switcher --enable-shout --disable-dc1394 --enable-dv --enable-dvdread --enable-v4l --enable-pvr --enable-gnomevfs --enable-vcdx --enable-faad --enable-twolame --enable-real --enable-realrtsp --enable-flac --enable-tremor --enable-tarkin --enable-theora --enable-ogg --enable-vorbis --enable-a52 --enable-gnomevfs --enable-dca --enable-run-as-root --enable-v4l2

make

make install

Pujan Srivastava

intERLab
Asian Institute of Technology
Mobile: +66-849067000
Fax: +66-25246618

/etc/apt/sources.list

2009-09-18T19:36:00.001+07:00

## --------------------
## intrepid repositories
## --------------------

deb http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner

## ---------------
## intrepid sources
## ---------------

deb-src http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu intrepid partner

## ------------------
## other resources
## ------------------

## Medibuntu
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free

## Launchpad
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/openoffice-pkgs/ubuntu intrepid main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu intrepid main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/shutter/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fta/ubuntu intrepid main

## Medibuntu Sources
deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free

## Launchpad Sources
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu intrepid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/shutter/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/fta/ubuntu intrepid main

################
### Imported Keys ###
################

# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 2EBC26B60C5A2783
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 60D11217247D1CFF
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 6AF0E1940624A220
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com FC6D7D9D009ED615
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 9ABD04E22847688F
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 632D16BB0C713DA6

Keep a record of the key requested by aptitude/apt-get after you add a new repository

sudo aptitude update
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net intrepid Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 632D16BB0C713DA6
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 632D16BB0C713DA6
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 632D16BB0C713DA6
gpg: requesting key 0C713DA6 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 0C713DA6: public key "Launchpad PPA for Fabien Tassin" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)

vnc configuration /home/pujan/.vnc/xstartup

2009-09-12T13:47:00.001+07:00

appliction to opensuse as well.
If vncviewer keep crashing then you should update vnc related packages include vnc-x11-....

#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
#
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
twm &
#exec gnome-session &

ajax gmail

2009-09-05T23:32:00.001+07:00

You wanna ajax functionality in GMail and multiple file uploader at once

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/9449

IP Links

2009-08-29T17:41:00.001+07:00

Link Local or Autoconfiguration	communication between hosts connected to the same network; routers will not forward them	169.254.X.X	FE8X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X
Loop back		127.0.0.1	0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1
Private	These addresses were originally designated for use in private networks that are not part of the global Internet.	10.X.X.X 192.168.X.X 172.16~31.X.X	No correspondence in IPv6
Global

Install VNC on Ubuntu/Windows

2009-08-12T09:05:00.001+07:00

Install packages. Code: sudo apt-get install x11vnc vnc-java
Set up a password for clients. Code: x11vnc -storepasswd
Open up ports 5800 and 5900 on your firewall

Run the terminal command: x11vnc -forever -usepw -httpdir /usr/share/vnc-java/ -httpport 5800 and add it for auto-starting in future sessions

Open Windows' VNC Viewer
IPaddress:5900:0

Dovecot certificate generation SUSE

2009-08-12T08:07:00.001+07:00

yast -i dovecot
chkconfig dovecot on
rcdovecot start

By default ssl disabled. so you need to create an SSL certificitate and than enable it in the dovecot config. For your private server you can do:

cd /usr/share/doc/packages/dovecot/

Now you can change parameters in mkcert.sh according to your. and then run

sh mkcert.sh
sed -i -e 's|ssl_disable = .*|ssl_disable = no|' /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
 rcdovecot restart

Ping to Multicast address

2009-08-03T11:54:00.001+07:00

Localhost does not Response to Ping to Multicast Address 224.0.0.1

If you are wondering why:

ping 224.0.0.1

does not give you anything back from your localhost or other hosts that are running Linux kernel 2.6, it is because, in Linux kernel 2.6, the capability of ICMP to reply to broadcast/multicast ping message is disabled by default. Whereas, it is enabled by default in Linux kernel 2.4.

Therefore, the solution will be to enable that capability by typing:

echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

Now those systems should be able to reply the ICMP request packets that are sent to multicast address 224.0.0.1

Dibbler Client to get IPv6 from DHCPv6 Server

2009-06-22T10:20:00.001+07:00

Windows XP does support IPv6 and it can receive IPv6 from router.
But it can not receive through DHCPv6 server. So you need some client i.e. DHCPv6 client

I have used dibbler.
YOu can find dibbler package from Internet. First you need to check what is the name of Interface you want to get IPv6 address from DHCPv6 server.
Make sure that you have enable IPv6 (install ipv6) already.

Dibbler configuration file is as follows:

log-mode short
log-level 7
iface "LAN" {
ia
# option dns-server
# option domain
}

After you edit it already now you can run All Programs > Dibbler > Client Run in the Console.

Do not close this window: If nothing wrong then you will receive IP. Check with ipconfig -all

In case of LInux..there is dibbler client is available
You can use same process to deal.

IPv6 static setup windows xp

2009-06-12T10:43:00.001+07:00

Setting a static IPv6 address

Windows XP (SP2)

Check

First check to see if IPv6 is installed.

Execute ipv6 if from a DOS windows.
If it returns the message below, then IPv6 is not installed. If it returns a large amount of interface configuration information, IPv6 is installed and you can proceed to the Configure section.

Could not access IPv6 protocol stack - the stack is not installed.

Install

To install IPv6 on Windows XP SP2, execute the following commands as a administrator from the command line (DOS window):

ipv6 install

The output from this command is likely to be 1 of 2 possibilities:'

The command returns OK. IPv6 has installed correctly, proceed to the Configure section.
The command returns

Installing...
Failed to complete the action.
Error 0x800704b8

This problem relates to a windows internal security database that needs to be integrity checked and possibly repaired. ** If you're using a corporate machine that is built as part of a Windows Domain, then please check with your IS people before following these procedures, as they may alter or erase Group Policy settings that have been pushed to your machine via a Domain Controller.**

If you issue esentutl /g c:\windows\security\Database\secedit.sdb, this will check the security database for errors.

Check the output of that command, if it declares...

Checking database integrity.
The database is not up-to-date. This operation may find that this database is corrupt
because data from the log files has yet to be placed in the database.

...then the database has errors which need to be corrected before IPv6 can be installed. The following command will rebuild the Local Security database on the machine.

** THIS IS POTENTIALLY DAMAGING TO YOUR DOMAIN SETTINGS **

Execute "esentutl /p c:\windows\security\Database\secedit.sdb" as an Administrator user.

You will likely get a warning box pop up which states...

You should only run Repair on damaged or corrupted databases

...Hit "OK"
Once the command has run-trough, re-execute esentutl /g c:\windows\security\Database\secedit.sdb which should result in the following output

Integrity check successful.
Operation completed successfully in X.xxx seconds.

Now, you should be able to execute the ipv6 install command successfully.
Run ipv6 if to confirm (see above).

Configure

Once IPv6 is Installed and running, it's time to assign IPv6 Addresses, gateways and routes.

To configure an IPv6 address, determine which of the Interfaces shown by the command ipv6 if matches the name of your main network connection under "START--Control Panel--Network Connection", it should be called something like "Local Area Connection X" where X is a number.

As an example, ipv6 if on my machine shows

Interface 5: Ethernet: Local Area Connection
 Guid {3E4601A7-041B-4D5A-ACD3-B6D840BBEF39}
zones: link 5 site 2
uses Neighbor Discovery
uses Router Discovery
link-layer address: 00-16-cb-97-4a-4e
  preferred global 2404:138:4000:1::203, life infinite (manual)
   preferred link-local fe80::216:cbff:fe97:4a4e, life infinite
  multicast interface-local ff01::1, 1 refs, not reportable
  multicast link-local ff02::1, 1 refs, not reportable
  multicast link-local ff02::1:ff97:4a4e, 1 refs, last reporter
   multicast link-local ff02::1:ff00:203, 1 refs, last reporter
link MTU 1500 (true link MTU 1500)
current hop limit 128
reachable time 20000ms (base 30000ms)
retransmission interval 1000ms
DAD transmits 1
 default site prefix length 48

To assign 2404:138:4000:1::203 to Local Area Connection 5, execute ipv6 adu 5/2404:138:4000:1::203
To define the default gateway for that interface, execute ipv6 rtu ::/0 5/2404:138:4000:1::2. This defines the default route (::/0) on interface 5 as being 2404:138:4000:1::2.

To check IPv6 routes execute netsh, then interface ipv6 and then show route.

It should show something like

Publish  Type       Met  Prefix                    Idx  Gateway/Interface Name
-------  --------  ----  ------------------------  ---  ---------------------
no       Manual       0  ::/0                        5  2404:138:4000:1::2

To get out of netsh, type bye

Finalise

Once you have configured IPv6 Gateway and routes, test you can ping:

Your local loopback. Try ping6 ::1. This should return replies that look similar to a normal IPv4 ping response
Your v6 Gateway. Try ping6 <IPv6 gateway address>. Again, we're looking for a normal ping response.

If you are having problems pinging gateways, then it may be with the Teredo Tunneling adapter that XP & Vista installs by default. This can be disabled using the netsh command

At a DOS prompt, execute netsh
Execute interface and then execute ipv6
Execute set teredo disable
Execute bye to exit from netsh

Finally, ensure you have a DNS server configured that can return Ipv6 or AAAA (Quad A) records.

Good way to projector

2009-06-05T14:41:00.001+07:00

After you read my last post and configured, now it is turn for real action:

Suppose your projector cable is plugged with your pc but it can not get signal o/p.

Go to command line

root@linux #~: init 3

password: *******

root@linux #~: sax2 -r

this command will check what suitable parameters (resolution) is required for

(1) External Projector (preferred because it is connected)

(2) PC

If external projector is not connected then above command will check required/suitable resolution for PC.

Above command will start new Xserver if not then you can safely do by issuing command "startx"

SUSE Projector Issues

2009-06-05T10:28:00.001+07:00

Laptops and external VGA

[edit]

Configuration

If you want to connect your laptop to projectors using the external VGA plug, you just have to configure your secondary output:

Start sax2 (or start yast2 and click on Hardware/Graphics Card).
Enable Activate Dual Head Mode and click on Configure.
Make sure that Cloned Multihead is checked.
Select a monitor from the --> VESA or --> LCD vendor with 60Hz and the maximum resolution you want to drive the projector with (e.g. 1024x768@60Hz).
Select the same Second Monitor Resolution.
Press OK in both dialogs to accept your changes and let sax2 save your configuration.
Restart your Xserver (e.g. press Ctrl-Alt-Backspace)

You should now be able to plug in a projector in your external VGA plug and choose the right resolution e.g. with krandr.

Notes for NVIDIA

If you have installed NVIDIA proprietary drivers you can enable the external VGA output, sometimes without having to restart the X server:

Start nvidia-settings, you can run it as simple user, root privileges are not required if your system uses default configuration.
Select X Server Display Configuration from the left column, this will bring you to the homonym panel
If the desktop preview only shows one monitor click Detect Displays
Now you should have two monitors listed in the system, one is the laptop monitor (it will keep its own name) and the other the external adapter (it will probably have a lower resolution, likely 1024x768).
If you want the external VGA to duplicate your monitor display
- configure both displays to use the same resolution; e.g. you reduce laptop's monitor resolution to 1024x768. You can do it from the panel: select the display you wish to modify by clicking on it in the preview or from the dropdown menu; then choose the resolution from the other dropdown menu.
- Click on the Configure button and choose TwinView, when you click OK you may have to restart the X Server. Remember to apply your changes before restarting.
If you want to use separate displays
- Click on Configure... and verify that Separate X Screen is actually selected, otherwise check it.
- Apply you settings.

Caveats

There are a couple of possible issues:

If your monitor is not detected correctly, you should switch to runlevel 3 with init 3 while working on a console, and start configuration with sax2 -r. Make sure that no monitor/projector is connected on the external VGA plug during this process.
Only laptops with ATI, Intel, and NVidia chips will be supported.
On laptops with Intel chips, up to and including SUSE Linux 10.1 only cloned setup is supported. There are no such restrictions with openSUSE 10.2.
NVidia grapics chips:
The open source driver nv does not support secondary outputs at all.
ATI graphics chip, using open source driver (radeon):
Using up to SUSE Linux 10.1, do not connect a monitor/projector to your external VGA while starting the computer or the Xserver, but plug in the projector only after startup. This issue is already solved in the driver based on current CVS code, so you might want to test the radeon10b driver (substitute radeon by radeon10b in your /etc/X11/xorg.conf), or openSUSE 10.2.
On SL10.0 you might want to try the resolution in this bugzilla comment, using the CVS based driver. Note that these drivers might have other issues like missing support for X600.
ATI graphics chip, using binary only driver (fglrx):
Though not supported by SUSE, configuration in sax2 will most likely work. The driver does not have any issues with connected monitors during X startup.
If you are using a laptop with high resolution display (e.g. 1600x1200), you might have to specify a lower resolution for the secondary output in order to be able to have 1024x768 be displayed correctly.
Connecting the projector using an external DVI plug:
In this case you most probably have to change /etc/X11/xorg.conf by hand.

TCPDump on RTP

2009-06-01T10:40:00.001+07:00

tcpdump -T rtp -vvv src 192.168.0.2 and dst port 1234

RTP headers contains these "interesting" fields.

Timestamp 18:00:56.156473

Source Address orac.erg.abdn.ac.uk

Source Port 1052

Destination Address 224.2.156.220

Destination Port 57392

Protocol udp/rtp

RTP Payload size (B) 741

RTP Media type c31

RTP Header "Marker' field ("*"=y " "=n) *

RTP Sequence number 50140

RTP Timestamp 2686364689

Synchronization Source (SSRC) Identifier 489542890

Field displayed for H.261 video only, 1st 16bits of the 32bit H.261 payload header. 0x1200

TTL ttl 127

IP Header identifier id 22854

Lengeh of the IP Datagram (B) len 781

WiFi commands for SUSE

2009-05-23T23:01:00.003+07:00

iwlist scan
iwlist key
iwlist rate

iwlist wlan0 scanning
iwpriv wlan0 set AuthMode=WPAPSK
iwpriv wlan0 set EncrypType=TKIP
iwconfig wlan0 essid "youressid"

iwpriv wlan0 set WPAPSK="yourkey"
dhclient wlan0

In case of static IP you want:

Fill in the IP address, netmask, gateway and the name server information. Subsequently issue:

/etc/init.d/network restart

Note: you can also see /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-wlan0 for more info as below:
BOOTPROTO='dhcp'
BROADCAST=''
ETHTOOL_OPTIONS=''
IPADDR=''
MTU=''
NAME='PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection'
NETMASK=''
NETWORK=''
REMOTE_IPADDR=''
STARTMODE='auto'
USERCONTROL='yes'
WIRELESS_AP=''
WIRELESS_AUTH_MODE='psk'
WIRELESS_BITRATE='auto'
WIRELESS_CA_CERT=''
WIRELESS_CHANNEL=''
WIRELESS_CLIENT_CERT=''
WIRELESS_CLIENT_KEY=''
WIRELESS_CLIENT_KEY_PASSWORD=''
WIRELESS_DEFAULT_KEY='0'
WIRELESS_EAP_AUTH=''
WIRELESS_EAP_MODE=''
WIRELESS_ESSID='MY_WIRELSS_NW'
WIRELESS_FREQUENCY=''
WIRELESS_KEY=''
WIRELESS_KEY_0=''
WIRELESS_KEY_1=''
WIRELESS_KEY_2=''
WIRELESS_KEY_3=''
WIRELESS_KEY_LENGTH='128'
WIRELESS_MODE='Managed'
WIRELESS_NICK=''
WIRELESS_NWID=''
WIRELESS_PEAP_VERSION=''
WIRELESS_POWER='yes'
WIRELESS_WPA_ANONID=''
WIRELESS_WPA_IDENTITY=''
WIRELESS_WPA_PASSWORD=''
WIRELESS_WPA_PSK='PASSWORD_TEXT'

GMail Searching Tricks

2009-01-26T10:14:00.001+07:00

From: {email address} | {name}

to: {email address} | {name}

cc: {email address} | {name}

bcc: {email address} | {name}
subject:
label:
after: 2008/10/25
before:
in: trash | inbox | chat | drafts | spam | anywhere
is: unread | read | starred | sent
has: attachment

filename:pdf | txt | {filename.extension}

Other general options include

{search_keyword} and - {search_keyword} which means search for {search_keyword} or doesn't have {search_keyword} in your mail

Example:

Find all mail which was addressed to techguys before 19th Dec 2008 and After 1st November 2006 and has networking but not basic in the mail with IMP as label

Your search query would be

before:2008/12/19 after:2006/11/01 to:techguys label:IMP in:anywhere networking -basic

Note:

If you do this search repeatedly, you can use "l:unread" or even "l:^u" instead of "label:unread". Of course, you can combine the quest for unread messages with others:

"l:^u from:tim" finds all unread messages from "tim",
"l:^u l:^t" finds all unread starred mail, and
"l:^u l:^k subject:hi" finds all unread messages with "hi" in the subject that are in the Trash.

SSM ASM: SSMPING ASMPING

2008-07-17T08:45:00.001+07:00

ASM and SSM are two multicast models. ASM stands for Any Source Multicast while SSM for Source Specific Multicast. ASM provides a simple bidirectional multicast model for hosts at the expense of router complexity while SSM is a simpler unidirectional model.

ASM is simpler for application developers ! Reluctance to adopt SSM
SSM is a key recent enhancement to IP multicast
          o Network operators should be very interested to use it / promote it's use over ASM (where appropriate) to provider better (manageable/scalable) multicast services
SSM can not replace ASM in all applications
          o Many-source applications
          o Source-discovery with IP multicast
          o ASM and SSM can coexist

Finally!!--SSM is derived subset from ASM and SSM is simpler than ASM
There are several tools available to check whether your network is connected to Multicast.
Tools are
[1] Server should run ssmpingd daemon
[2] Client can test using ssmping executable and see output. If multicast is enabled then you will see multicast packets to your command line monitor.
Something like this

host@windows:~#ssmping 205.94.22.4

multicast from 2001:700:1:7:211:d8ff:fe8f:1f9b, seq=2 dist=12 time=65.706 ms
  unicast from 2001:700:1:7:211:d8ff:fe8f:1f9b, seq=3 dist=20 time=57.226 ms
multicast from 2001:700:1:7:211:d8ff:fe8f:1f9b, seq=3 dist=12 time=59.455 ms
   unicast from 2001:700:1:7:211:d8ff:fe8f:1f9b, seq=4 dist=20 time=56.090 ms
multicast from 2001:700:1:7:211:d8ff:fe8f:1f9b, seq=4 dist=12 time=58.956 ms

This is a tool to check whether you can receive a given multicast transmission. It supports both ASM and SSM, and IPv4 and IPv6. You run it specifying multicast group (and source if
 SSM) and port number. It will then run until it receives a single multicast packet, and tell you how long it took. Optionally you may specify how many packets and/or for how many seconds it shall
run. If you specify how long to run, it will also tell you how many bits and packets per second were received.
 
Multicast by asmping is similar but you have to bound to source.:-) consider following

host@windows:~# asmping 2001:254:6:1::3 ff7e:220:2001:254::4321:1234

Speed up netbeans

2008-06-28T01:21:00.001+07:00

Netbeans config file can be found in /etc/ as netbeans.conf
you can change some params

for speeding up change:

-J-Xms32m => no change
-J-Xmx256m =>-J-Xmx512m or -J-Xmx1024m depending on your physical RAM
but be careful that this should not exceed more than your Physical RAM otherwise swaping will be perform.

how to change root password of Ubuntu if you forgot

2008-06-23T09:22:00.001+07:00

Menu --> press 'e' ---> select Kernel ---> press 'e' ---> write 'single' ----> press 'b'

then it will show command prompt and you can change root password by issuing command 'passwd'

SIP status code

2008-06-12T23:29:00.001+07:00

This is a list of the known SIP status codes

100 - Trying
180 - Ringing
181 - Call Being Forwarded
182 - Call Queued
183 - Session Progress
200 - OK
202 - Accepted
300 - Multiple Choices
301 - Moved Permanently
302 - Moved Temporarily
305 - Use Proxy
380 - Alternative Service
400 - Bad Request
401 - Unauthorized
402 - Payment Required
403 - Forbidden
404 - Not Found
405 - Method Not Allowed
406 - Not Acceptable
407 - Proxy Authentication Required
408 - Request Timeout
409 - Conflict
410 - Gone
411 - Length Required
413 - Request Entity Too Large
414 - Request URI Too Long
415 - Unsupported Media Type
416 - Unsupported URI Scheme
420 - Bad Extension
421 - Extension Required
423 - Interval Too Brief
480 - Temporarily Unavailable
481 - Call/Transaction Does Not Exist
482 - Loop Detected
483 - Too Many Hops
484 - Address Incomplete
485 - Ambiguous
486 - Busy Here
487 - Request Terminated
488 - Not Acceptable Here
491 - Request Pending
493 - Undecipherable
500 - Server Internal Error
501 - Not Implemented
502 - Bad Gateway
503 - Service Unavailable
504 - Server Time-Out
505 - Version Not Supported
513 - Message Too Large
600 - Busy Everywhere
603 - Declined
604 - Does Not Exist Anywhere
605 - Not Acceptable

ports used by tcp/ip

2008-06-05T10:27:00.000+07:00

Ports for Internet Services

Service	TCP	UDP	Notes
SSH	22		Secure Shell *
HTTP	80		HyperText Transfer Protocol * (e.g. for web browsing). Currently (2003-07-05) HTTP/1.1 is officially described in RFC 2616.
HOSTS2 Name Server	81	81	* An interesting story. The name attached to this port in the IANA list, Earl Killian, says he shouldn't be. He says "I don't know what 81 is, or whether it is still in use." Since Mr. Killian doesn't know what HOSTS2 is/was, and with Postel gone, I wonder if there's anyone left in the world who knows what 81 was/is for and who actually requested it.
XFER Utility	82	82	* Another interesting story. The name attached to this port in the IANA list, Thomas M. Smith of Lockheed Martin, says Sorry... there is no publicly available information regarding the details of the XFER Utility and its use of tcp and udp port # 82. XFER employs a proprietary protocol which has not been disclosed.
RPC Endpoint Mapper	135	135	* registered as "epmap - DCE endpoint resolution". Used by Microsoft for RPC locator service.
LDAP	389	389	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol *
MS NetMeeting	LDAP or ULP, dyn >=1024, 1503, H.323 HostCall, MS ICCP	dyn >=1024	videoconferencing
Timbuktu	407, 1417-1420	407	remote control *
SLP	427	427	Service Location Protocol * Used by MacOS and NetWare.
HTTPs	443		secure HTTP (SSL) *
LPD / printer	515	515	printing * LPD stands for Line Printer Daemon.
ULP	522	522	User Location Protocol (Microsoft) *
AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP)	548	548	*
QuickTime 4	RTSP	RTP-QT4	streaming audio, video *
RTSP	554		Real Time Streaming Protocol *. Currently (2003-07-05) described in RFC 2326.
NNTPs	563		secure NNTP news (SSL) *
Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)	631	631	print remotely to any IPP enabled printer through the Internet * The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) is based on IPP.
LDAPs	636	636	secure LDAP * (LDAP protocol over TLS/SSL)
Doom	666	666	network game *
Remotely Possible (ControlIT)	799		remote control. CA ControlIT support.
VMware Virtual Machine Console	902		remote control and viewing of virtual machines. vmware-authd.
SOCKS	1080		internet proxy *. Also used by Trojans.
OpenVPN	1194	1194	*
Kazaa	1214	1214	peer-to-peer file sharing *
WASTE	1337	1337	peer-to-peer. Also see InfoAnarchy WASTE FAQ. This port is officially registered for Men and Mice DNS (QuickDNS Remote).
Lotus Notes Domino	1352		*
VocalTec Internet Phone	1490, 6670, 25793	22555	videoconferencing *
Citrix ICA	1494, dyn >=1023	1604, dyn >=1023	remote application access *
Virtual Places	1533		conferencing *, also see VP voice
Xing StreamWorks		1558	streaming video *
Novell GroupWise (Remote Client)	1677	1677	group collaboration * NOTE: Other features of GroupWise use many other ports.
H.323 Host Call	1720	1720	H.323 host call *
PPTP	1723		virtual private network (VPN) * Note PPTP also uses the GRE protocol. However Microsoft says in Understanding PPTP: "PPTP can be used with most firewalls and routers by enabling traffic destined for port 1723 to be routed through the firewall or router."
MS ICCP	1731	1731	audio call control (Microsoft) *
MS NetShow	1755	1755, dyn >=1024 <=5000	streaming video *
MSN Messenger	1863		instant messenging . NOTE:* For detailed info on ports for file transfers, voice and video, see the Windows and MSN Messenger section below.
Netopia netOctopus	1917, 1921	1917	network management *
Big Brother	1984	1984	network monitoring *
ICU II	2000-2003		videoconferencing. NOTE: security risk on TCP port 50000
iSpQ	2000-2003		videoconferencing. Note: support docs are inconsistent on what ports are required
glimpseserver	2001		search engine
Distributed.Net RC5/DES	2064		distributed computation
SoulSeek	2234, 5534	2234, 5534	file sharing
Microsoft DirectX gaming (DirectPlay) 7	2300-2400, 47624	2300-2400	networked multiplayer games, * only 47624 is registered as "Direct Play Server", if needed also see MSN Gaming Zone
Microsoft DirectX gaming (DirectPlay) 8		2302-2400, 6073	networked multiplayer games, * only 6073 is registered as DirectPlay8, if needed also see MSN Gaming Zone
MADCAP - Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol	2535	2535	* defined in RFC 2730 - Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP). Also used by Trojans.
Netrek	2592		network game *
ShareDirect	2705	2705	peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing. Officially registered for Sun SDS Admin.
URBISNET	2745	2745	* Alex Tronin reports was used for Urbis geolocation service... now not operational, but may be revived. Also used by Trojans.
Borland Interbase database	3050	3050	* gds_db. See CERT Advisory CA-2001-01 for potential security risk.
squid	3128	3130	web proxy cache. Also used by Trojans.
iSNS	3205	3205	* Internet Storage Name Service, see iSCSI section
iSCSI default port	3260	3260	* SCSI over IP, see iSCSI section
Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)	3389		* registered as ms-wbt-server. RDP 5.1 is the current version. See below for more information. Remote Desktop Web Connection also uses HTTP.
NetworkLens SSL Event	3410	3410	* Also used by Trojans.
Virtual Places Voice Chat	3450, 8000-9000		voice chat
Apple iTunes music sharing (DAAP)	3689	3689	Digital Audio Access Protocol *
World of Warcraft	3724		online game *
Mirabilis ICQ	dyn >=1024	4000	locator, chat
Blizzard / Battle.net	4000, 6112-6119	4000, 6112-6119	network gaming - support (captured 2001-11-11), proxy and firewall info
Abacast	4000-4100, 4500, 9000-9100		peer-to-peer audio and video streaming. NOTE: This software will create OUTGOING streams to other users if it can.
GlobalChat client, server	4020	4020	chat rooms, used to be called ichat
PGPfone		4747	secure phone
PlayLink	4747, 4748, 10090	6144	online games
radmin	4899	4899	remote control *
Yahoo Messenger - Voice Chat	5000-5001	5000-5010	voice chat
GnomeMeeting	H.323 HostCall, 30000-30010	5000-5003, 5010-5013	audio and videoconference. 5000-5003 is RTP and RTCP range for this app.
Yahoo Messenger - messages	5050		messaging. NOTE: It will try ports 5050, 80, any port.
SIP	5060	5060	Session Initiation Protocol *. For audio and video. Currently (2003-07-05) see RFCs 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265
Apple iChat AV		SIP, RTP-iChatAV	audio and video conferencing. May also need iChat local port.
Yahoo Messenger - Webcams	5100		video
AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)	5190	5190	America OnLine * Also used by Apple iChat (in AIM compatibility mode).
AIM Video IM	1024-5000 ?	1024-5000 ?	video chat. It is unclear from their FAQ whether you need to open both TCP and UDP ports.
AOL ICQ	5190, dyn >=1024		messaging
AOL	5190-5193	5190-5193	America OnLine *
XMPP / Jabber	5222, 5269	5222, 5269	* Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol. Also see Using Jabber behind firewalls. Defined by XMPP specs (RFCs now issued), specs created by IETF group.
Qnext	5235-5237	5235-5237	audio / video conference, fileshare, everything. Port 5236 is officially assigned to "padl2sim".
iChat local traffic	5298	5298	Some Rendezvous thing.
Multicast DNS	5353	5353	* Mac OS X 10.2: About Multicast DNS. Related to Zeroconf which Apple has implemented as Rendezvous. (Note: the regular Domain Name Service port is 53.)
Dialpad.com	5354, 7175, 8680-8890, 9000, 9450-9460	dyn >=1024	telephony
HotLine	5500-5503		peer-to-peer filesharing.
SGI ESP HTTP	5554	5554	* SGI Embedded Support Partner (ESP) web server. Also used by Trojans, see SGI Security Advisory 20040501-01-I.
InfoSeek Personal Agent	5555	5555	* I don't know if InfoSeek Personal Agent exists anymore. This port is commonly used by HP OpenView Storage Data Protector (formerly HP OmniBack).
pcAnywhere	5631	5632	remote control *
eShare Chat Server	5760
eShare Web Tour	5761
eShare Admin Server	5764
VNC	5800+, 5900+		remote control
Blizzard Battle.net	6112	6112	online gaming
GNUtella	6346, 6347	6346, 6347	peer-to-peer file sharing *
Netscape Conference	H.323 HostCall, 6498, 6502	2327	audioconferencing
Danware NetOp Remote Control	6502	6502	remote control
common IRC	6665-6669		Internet Relay Chat *
Net2Phone CommCenter	selected	6801, selected	telephony, admin should select one TCP and UDP port in the range 1-3000. Same ports are used by Yahoo Messenger - PC-to-Phone.
BitTorrent	6881-6889, 6969		distributed data download, newer versions TCP 6881-6999. Alternate FAQ link.
Blizzard Downloader	World of Warcraft, Battle.net and BitTorrent		downloads patches for World of Warcraft
RTP-QT4		6970-6999	Realtime Transport Protocol. (These ports are specifically for the Apple QT4 version.)
VDOLive	7000	user-specified	streaming video
Real Audio & Video	RTSP, 7070	6970-7170	streaming audio and video
CU-SeeMe, Enhanced CUSM	7648, 7649, LDAP	7648-7652, 24032	videoconferencing
common HTTP	8000, 8001, 8080
Apache JServ Protocol v12 (ajp12)	8007	8007	(default port) See Workers HowTo for config info.
Apache JServ Protocol v13 (ajp13)	8009	8009	(default port) e.g. Apache mod_jk Tomcat connector using ajp13. See Workers HowTo for config info.
Grouper	8038	8038	peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing
PDL datastream	9100	9100	printing * PDL is Page Description Language. Used commonly by HP printers and by Apple. Also see printing section.
MonkeyCom	9898	9898	* video-chat, also used by Trojans
iVisit		9943, 9945, 56768	videoconferencing
The Palace	9992-9997	9992-9997	chat environment *
common Palace	9998		chat environment
NDMP	10000	10000	Network Data Management Protocol *. Used for storage backup. Also used by Trojans.
Amanda	10080	10080	backup software *. Also used by Trojans.
Yahoo Games	11999		network games
Italk	12345	12345	network chat supporting multiple access methods * Appears mostly used in Japan. There are many other applications calling themselves "italk". TrendMicro OfficeScan antivirus also uses this port. Commonly used by Trojans.
RTP-iChatAV		16384-16403	Used by Apple iChat AV.
RTP		16384-32767	Realtime Transport Protocol. RTP in general is described in RFC 3550. This range is not registered (it never could be, being so broad) but it seems to be somewhat common. See Are there specific ports assigned to RTP?
Palm Computing Network Hotsync	14237	14238	data synchronization
Liquid Audio	18888		streaming audio
FreeTel		21300-21303	audioconferencing
VocalTec Internet Conference	22555	22555	audio & document conferencing *
Quake	26000	26000	network game *
MSN Gaming Zone	28800-29100	28800-29100	network gaming (zone.com, zone.msn.com)
Sygate Manager		39213

iSCSI

iSCSI is specified in RFC 3720 - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface.

The well-known user TCP port number for iSCSI connections assigned by IANA is 3260 and this is the default iSCSI port. Implementations needing a system TCP port number may use port 860, the port assigned by IANA as the iSCSI system port; however in order to use port 860, it MUST be explicitly specified - implementations MUST NOT default to use of port 860, as 3260 is the only allowed default.

Also associated with iSCSI is iSNS, Internet Storage Name Service, on port 3205.

These services essentially open up your storage to the Internet in ways even more deep than CIFS, NFS and other file-level sharing services. Therefore you should be very careful about security and may want to block these ports completely, or tightly limit access to them.

Printing

There are several port numbers that may be involved with printing.

The three main ones are LPD ("printer") on port 515, IPP on 631, and PDL-datastream on 9100.

Apple MacOS X Rendezvous Printing (PDF) will discover printers that are advertising their services. They give the example

For example, the Apple LaserWriter 8500 would register the following services,
assuming the default domain is "local."

Apple LaserWriter 8500._printer._tcp.local.        Port 515
Apple LaserWriter 8500._ipp._tcp.local.            Port 631
 Apple LaserWriter 8500._pdl-datastream._tcp.local. Port 9100

Napster

After examining Napster, I decided it was such a complex protocol that it deserved its own section. The first thing to be aware of is that there are two versions of Napster. The "original" flavor is what most people will be interested in. This is the full music file-sharing service. This original service provided by Napster.com has now been shut down. Napster.com will be providing a new service with much more controlled music sharing. However, the original protocol lives on, and the protocol has been analyzed so that people could write compatible applications for many different operating systems.

There is information on the protocol (and how to get it through your firewall) from:

Here is a summary of the TCP ports it uses. I have put the notation (primary) after the main port, if more than one port is listed.

metaserver / redirector: 8875
directory servers: 4444, 5555, 6666, 7777, 8888 (primary)
client: 6600 to 6699 (primary)

PalTalk

PalTalk is another messy service that uses many ports, more than I want to summarize here. Visit their support page: PalTalk Networking Support.

Ultima Online

Information from What are the port numbers I need to play UO behind a firewall or proxy server?

Service	Ports	Notes
Game	5001-5010
Login	7775-7777
Patch	8888	overlaps with common HTTP port
UO Messenger	8800-8900	includes port 8866 which is also used by Trojan
Patch	9999

Windows and MSN Messenger Application

A related note: the Messenger Service that runs at the Windows SERVICE level is different from the Windows Messenger or MSN Messenger application. For information about the Messenger APPLICATION see

For file transfer or voice chat ports and NAT information for MSN Messenger 3 see MS Support article Q278887.
Microsoft Knowledge Base Article Q324214 - You cannot make phone calls or start voice or video conversations with Windows Messenger
Windows Messenger 5.0 in Windows XP: Working With Firewalls and Network Address Translation Devices
Microsoft Support WebCast - Microsoft Windows Messenger for Windows XP: New Features, Common Issues, and Troubleshooting July 17, 2002

Service	TCP	UDP	Notes
Windows Messenger - voice (computer to phone)		2001-2120, 6801, 6901	from Q324214. NOTE: 6801 is Net2Phone.
MSN Messenger - file transfers	6891-6900		from Q278887. Allows up to 10 simultaneous transfers.
MSN Messenger - voice communications (computer to computer)	6901	6901	from Q278887

For Windows Messenger in a non-UPnP environment, unfortunately Microsoft requires dynamic UDP ports across a very wide range. This is a tremendous security risk. Try to establish a UPnP environment if possible. Nevertheless, here is what they say To support [audio and video] in both directions through the firewall, all UDP ports between 5004 and 65535 must be opened to allow signaling (SIP) and media streams (RTP) to traverse the firewall.

Also note: I don't know how much information for WINDOWS Messenger applies to MSN Messenger and vice versa. I also don't know how much information for MSN Messenger Windows version applies to MSN Messenger Mac version. And last but not least, there are multiple different versions of Messenger, which may differ in various ways.

Email Ports

Email is sent around the Internet mainly from server to server using SMTP. Once delivered, clients may access it in a variety of ways, including POP3 and IMAP. This section DOES NOT cover Microsoft Exchange or other proprietary mail protocols.

The major upcoming change to email is the use of TCP port 587 "submission" for email, as defined in section 3.1 of RFC 2476 - Message Submission. This is planned to replace the traditional use of TCP port 25, SMTP.

3.1. Submission Identification

Port 587 is reserved for email message submission as specified in this document. Messages received on this port are defined to be submissions. The protocol used is ESMTP [SMTP-MTA, ESMTP], with additional restrictions as specified here.

While most email clients and servers can be configured to use port 587 instead of 25, there are cases where this is not possible or convenient. A site MAY choose to use port 25 for message submission, by designating some hosts to be MSAs and others to be MTAs.

This initiative is being promoted by, amongst others, the Anti-Spam Technical Alliance. See Anti-Spam Technical Alliance Technology and Policy Proposal, Version 1.0, 22 June 2004 (PDF)

We further recommend that SMTP authentication be implemented on the standard Mail Submission Port, port 587, and that ISPs encourage their customers to switch their mail client software (for example, MS Outlook, Eudora, and so on) to this port. Using this port will provide seamless connectivity that does not depend on if a network allows port 25 traffic.

In addition to SMTP, the other main email protocols are POP3 and IMAP, these are protocols for email clients to access their mailboxes. There are many other topics that are outside the scope of this page. For example, email addresses are described in RFC 2822 (obsoletes RFC 822), and SMTP authentication is covered in RFC 2554 - SMTP Service Extension for Authentication. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is covered in RFC 2246 - The TLS Protocol Version 1.0. SMTP over TLS is covered in RFC 3207 - SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over Transport Layer Security.

The Network Sorcery RFC Sourcebook entry for SMTP also links to many relevant RFCs that cover the details of the protocol itself.

Service	TCP Port	Notes
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol	25	* As part of the anti-spam best practices, you should block this outgoing for any machine that doesn't need to send email directly.
SMTPs - secure SMTP	465	Port 465 shows up Appendix A of the 1996 non-standard standard The SSL Protocol Version 3.0 as "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol with SSL". Unfortunately, it's not registered for SMTPs, it's registered for URD - "URL Rendesvous Directory for SSM" by Cisco. The recommended approach, at least for authentication, is to use START TLS encryption on submission port 587.
(SMTP email) submission	587	* See RFC 2476 - Message Submission.
POP2 - Post Office Protocol 2	109	* obsolete
POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3	110	*
POP3s - secure POP3	995	* Full description is "pop3 protocol over TLS/SSL (was spop3)".
IMAP3 - Interactive Mail Access Protocol v3	220	* obsolete
IMAP4 - Internet Message Access Protocol 4	143	* Also referred to by version as IMAP4.
IMAPs - secure IMAP	993	* Full description is "imap4 protocol over TLS/SSL". Use 993 instead of TCP port 585 "imap4-ssl", which is deprecated.

Oracle Database TCP/IP Ports

Service	TCP	UDP	Notes
sql*net	66	66	* Oracle SQL*NET. I think this is legacy. I haven't seen it used.
SQL*Net 2	1521	1521	Probably the most common Oracle port. Not registered to Oracle, IANA registered for ncube-lm, nCube License Manager.
SQL*Net 1	1525	1525	* Registered as orasrv. No longer used?
listener port	1526	1526	1526 is also a popular Oracle listener port, but it is also not IANA registered. In the IANA list, it is pdap-np, Prospero Data Access Prot non-priv.
tlisrv	1527	1527	*
coauthor	1529	1529	*
Oracle Remote Data Base	1571	1571	* rdb-dbs-disp
oraclenames	1575	1575	* Default and officially registered listening port for client connections to an Oracle Names server using TCP/IP or TCP/IP with SSL. Deprecated in 9i and above, you're supposed to use LDAP instead.
Oracle Net8 Cman	1630	1630	* oraclenet8cman. Default and officially registered listening port for client connections to Oracle Connection Manager
oracle-em1	1748	1748	*
oracle-em2	1754	1754	*
Oracle-VP2	1808	1808	*
Oracle-VP1	1809	1809	*
Oracle Net8 CMan Admin	1830	1830	* net8-cman. Default and officially registered listening port for administrative commands to Oracle Connection Manager
oracle?		2005	* registered as "berknet" for 2005 TCP, oracle for 2005 UDP
Oracle GIOP	2481	2481	* giop
Oracle GIOP SSL	2482	2482	* giop-ssl
Oracle TTC	2483	2483	* ttc. Oracle may use this port to replace 1521 in future.
Oracle TTC SSL	2484	2484	* ttc-ssl.
OEM Agent	3872	3872	* oem-agent
Oracle RTC-PM port	3891	3891	* rtc-pm-port
Oracle dbControl Agent	3938	3938	* dbcontrol_agent

Obsolete Services

Apple released QuickTime 4 some time ago. I am unsure of the status of their older QuickTime Conferencing (MovieTalk) protocol. All of the applications that supported it (Connectix VideoPhone, Apple VideoPhone, Netscape CoolTalk, QuickTime TV) are no longer supported and the QuickTime Conferencing website is gone.

Service	TCP	UDP	Notes
QuickTime Conferencing (MovieTalk)	458	458, dyn >= 7000	videoconferencing *
Apple VideoPhone	MovieTalk	MovieTalk	videoconferencing *
Connectix VideoPhone	MovieTalk	MovieTalk, dyn >=1024, 4242	videoconferencing
Netscape CoolTalk	6499, 6500	13000	videoconferencing

Official TCP/IP Port Assignments

IANA - TCP/IP Port Assignments (585K)

Also note, although you will sometimes see mention of RFC 1700 "Assigned Numbers" (dated October 1994) it was long ago obsoleted by the official IANA list. Do not use RFC 1700 as a reference. This fact is now officially documented by RFC 3232 "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database".

Network Sorcery lists the IANA TCP/UDP Ports with links to pages describing some protocols in detail, as part of its incredibly useful RFC Sourcebook.

Searchable Port Lists

These cover registered, unregistered, and trojan ports - note that many ports have legitimate, required uses, even though people have also used them as trojan ports.

Andrew Daviel's Network Service Query is a very nice port metasearch engine
Tantalo.net Ports database
Neohapsis Ports List
PC Flank Ports Database
portsdb.org Ports Database
Snort Ports Database
SecurityStats.Com TCP/UDP Port Search
Dave's Port Lookup lists registered services along with known trojans
WeetHet in English or in Dutch lists both registered and trojan ports
UpOneLevel Network Port listing
Techeez Port Search

Understanding TCP/IP

The IBM RedBooks are an amazing resource for many technical topics. They have a TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview available as HTML or 7.7 MB PDF.

Cisco also provides excellent information online. Internet Protocols is just one section of their Internetworking Technology Handbook.

There is information on IP (the protocol on which TCP and UDP are built) in Internet Core Protocols: The Definitive Guide Sample Chapter 2: The Internet Protocol [IP].

IP Telephony / Voice over IP (VoIP) / H.323 / SIP / RTP

Some applications that use H.323 include: ohphone, ohphoneX, ...

Getting H.323 audio/video conferencing through firewalls is particularly problematic. I have used Google cache to rescue an Intel document The Problems and Pitfalls of Getting H.323 Safely Through Firewalls. Note in particular that RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) has no fixed port, an RTCP session is paired with an RTP session, if you have an RTP stream on even numbered UDP port x, RTCP is on x + 1.

Screencasting with Linux

2008-06-04T16:18:00.001+07:00

Screencasting with Linux

Many times a simple screencast showing how to do something by using a series of screenshots in sequence in a video can explain what paragraph after paragraph of words cannot. Linux and a few open source applications make the job of creating such screencasts easy.

There are several ways to grab screenshots in Linux. The method that I employ here is a shell script that uses the ImageMagick import program:

#!/bin/sh

# NTSC 720x486 in columns 88x27

i=0

while [ 1 ]
do
   x=$[i+10000];
   import -frame -window $1 "cap_${x/1/}.miff"
   i=$(( $i + 1 ))
   # sleep 2s
 done

This script takes one parameter, the internal ID of the window that will be captured, which you can get by running the command xwininfo -frame. The xwininfo program will give you all of the X11 information about the window/frame that you click on, but the only line you need to see is the first one, which will look something like this:

xwininfo: Window id: 0xa0348b (has no name)

This ID is what you want to pass to the shell script. Once the script starts, it will save screenshots of the window in the directory in which the script was launched. The script will run until it is interrupted by your pressing Ctrl-c. Each image is given a sequential name in the form of cap_XXXX.miff. The miff image format is ImageMagick's own format. ImageMagick can write miff images faster than any of the other supported image types, which is why we are using it here.

Making the video file

After all the screenshots have been captured, you can start putting them together in a video file. The ImageMagick convert program will combine all of the miff files into one video file. Run the command below in the directory where all of the screenshots are located:

$ convert -antialias -resize 720x486! -delay 60 *.miff capture.m2v

-antialias removes pixel-aliasing. This makes for a smoother-looking video.
-resize resizes all of the images to the specified size -- in this case, that of an NTSC video. NTSC is the standard for analog television in North America.
-delay tells the convert program to pause between frames, in this case for 60 hundredths of a second. This setting will have to be customized almost every time you make a screencast, because the rate you speak and the rate the screenshots are taken will almost always change with every screencast.
One option that I did not use but which is worth mentioning is -quality, which controls the value to use when compressing the images. The larger the number, the larger the video file and the better the quality. However, this option tends to cause overflow problems and dropped frames, and too many dropped frames will result in an unusable video.

The result of the command will be a file called capture.m2v. The m2v format is an MPEG-2 video-only stream. The next step is to add audio to the video.

Capturing audio

You can use Audacity to capture audio for the screencast. You will obviously need a microphone hooked up to your computer, and the quality of the audio will be dependent on the quality of the microphone.

To start recording, open Audacity and press the red record button in the tool bar. When you are finished, save the audio file as a WAV file (File > Export As WAV). The WAV format is uncompressed and thus the best quality.

You can record when you are creating the screen captures, or after you've put the video file together. I find it beneficial to do both. I usually create a script and read it while making the screenshots. Then I put the video together and read the script again while it is playing back. Going through the script while capturing screenshots ensures that the captures are spaced correctly. Recording the audio a second time, while watching the finished video, allows you to concentrate on the audio portion.

Combining the audio and video

The final step in creating a screencast is to bring the audio and video together. One way to do this is to use mplex, an audio/video multiplexer that is part of the MJPEG toolkit, but to do so, you first need to convert the audio file from WAV to something that mplex can use with a command like:

$ ffmpeg -i audio.wav audio.mp3

Here, FFmpeg converts the original WAV file to MP3. You could also make the conversion with Audacity.

To combine the audio and video, use the command:

$ mplex -f 3 -o final.mpg capture.m2v audio.mp3

This command tells mplex to make final.mpg out of capture.m2v and audio.mp3. The -f option tells mplex that we want a generic MPEG2-coded video file. Now, final.mpg contains a complete screencast.

An alternative way to create the final screencast is to use Kino, a non-linear video editor, which gives you the opportunity to add extra features like titles and transitions to your screencast. Using Kino also allows you to combine the screencast with other videos and filmed footage.

To get started in Kino you must convert the captured video into the DV (Digital Video) format.

$ ffmpeg -i capture.m2v -target ntsc-dv capture.dv

Here, the -target option tells ffmpeg to convert the file into an NTSC-compatible DV video.

Now you can use Kino to add the audio track. In Kino, import the DV file (File > Insert Before). To add the audio, use the FX tools (Tab bar to the right of the stage). On the Audio Transition tab, change the value to Dub. Now browse for the audio file; Kino only accepts WAV files. Use the Preview button at the bottom of the screen to see and hear what the final video will be like before it is rendered. If you like what you see, click the Render button to make the video. From here you can export the video in various formats directly from Kino.

Xtream:- serialize java & xml and deserialize

2008-05-30T11:11:00.001+07:00

XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Features

Ease of use. A high level facade is supplied that simplifies common use cases.
No mappings required. Most objects can be serialized without need for specifying mappings.
Performance. Speed and low memory footprint are a crucial part of the design, making it suitable for large object graphs or systems with high message throughput.
Clean XML. No information is duplicated that can be obtained via reflection. This results in XML that is easier to read for humans and more compact than native Java serialization.
Requires no modifications to objects. Serializes internal fields, including private and final. Supports non-public and inner classes. Classes are not required to have default constructor.
Full object graph support. Duplicate references encountered in the object-model will be maintained. Supports circular references.
Integrates with other XML APIs. By implementing an interface, XStream can serialize directly to/from any tree structure (not just XML).
Customizable conversion strategies. Strategies can be registered allowing customization of how particular types are represented as XML.
Error messages. When an exception occurs due to malformed XML, detailed diagnostics are provided to help isolate and fix the problem.
Alternative output format. The modular design allows other output formats. XStream ships currently with JSON support and morphing.

trixbox how to install kde graphical user interface

2008-05-28T22:53:00.001+07:00

Trixbox KDE Install:- The YUM commands needed:

Mandatory:-

yum install kdebase
yum install kdeutils (for ark)
yum install firefox
yum install system-config*

Optional:-

yum install nedit
yum install yum-utils
yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
yum install yum-plugin-protectbase
yum install yumex

Reboot after everything is installed. It may be a long download. at a prompt type

system-config-display

This will fire up a basic x windows graphical shell and a util to setup the graphics card. Setup how you prefer. Keeping the screen size to 1024x786 and colours minimal will help reduce the impact on your server. Exit from the util will drop you back to a prompt.

X-windows will not run automatically after a reboot. To use KDE you will need to issue the 'startx' command. When you are done configuring/troubleshooting your trixbox select logout from the 'start??' menu. this will shutdown kde, xwindows and drop you back to a prompt.

Yumex is an especially useful tool as you can switch on/off repositories and install/uninstall centos/trixbox apps much more easily.

ARK also helps you with archives. You can right click an archive and select ARK. Drag the folder to where you need (selecting copy), even to a folder in konqueror (a file browser).

Running Remote GUI application on local machine ussing SSH

2008-05-19T22:50:00.001+07:00

How to run X applications/GUI over a remote SSH connection via PuTTY?

Requirement

Xming : an X-Server that starts on top of your desktop. Download Xming and install it.
PuTTY : an SSH client. Download PuTTY

Configure Xming

Click on the Start button in Windows XP, select Xming → XLaunch
At the Display settings dialog box, select Multiple windows and set the Display number as 0. Click on Next.
Keep clicking on Next button till you reach the Finish configuration page, then click on the Finish button.

Configure PuTTY

Start PuTTY.
In the PuTTY Configuration section, on the left panel, select Connection → SSH → X11
On the right panel, click on the Enable X11 forwarding checkbox
Set the X display location as :0.0
Click on Session option on the left panel.
Enter the hostname or IP address in the Host Name textbox
Save the session

Running the X applications from PuTTY

Double-click on your PuTTY session and login. After you login, a file named .Xauthority will be created.
Check if the DISPLAY variable has been set.
```
echo $DISPLAY
```
You should see a meaningful value for $DISPLAY
Start any X application, say xterm.
```
xterm
```
The xterm window should open successfully.

If you're not able to open any X apps from the session, you may need to enable X11 SSH Forwarding in the /etc/ssh/ssh_config file

All Calendars are synchronized (Phone + GMail + Firefox + Thunderbird)

2008-05-15T16:48:00.002+07:00

since our life getting into troubles as frequently as we trying to get into technology.
One step further in this trouble, I was started thinking how to synchronize my calendars. Yeah Calendars. I have few calendars but question is was how to synchronize my all calendars. :-)
I got Calendars:-
[1]. Desktop Calendar
[2]. Thunderbird Integrated Calendar
[3]. P1i my personal mobile calendar etc etc.

Thus digging and digging after long time I come up with few things and I want to list those down here.

50% of daily life I use my PC thus It is better to use some sort of Internet based calendar. Well Google calendar satisfies this.
I customize my firefox with two adons in this way:-
1). Google Calendar Notifier
2). Google Calendar Quick Ad-- Adding events directly to Google Calendar is to easy you have to give some command as such:

CTRL + Q and then "Meeting with Bob in Oishi Restaurant on 30 June at 6:00pm" It will add to your default calendar directly without you have to open Google Calendar.

Next thing is how to add these stuffs into my P1i. I use GCalSyc.jar file in my P1i.

Now my all calendars all synchronize via Google Celndar.

See this is so easy. If you need any assitance do write me pujansrt@gmail.com

mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) shakes the region

2008-05-09T09:13:00.001+07:00

A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a company that provides mobile phone service but does not have its own licensed frequency allocation of radio spectrum, nor does it necessarily have all of the infrastructure required to provide mobile telephone service.[1] A company that does have frequency allocation(s) and all the required infrastructure to run an independent mobile network is known simply as a Mobile Network Operator (MNO). MVNOs are roughly equivalent to the "switchless resellers" of the traditional landline telephone market. Switchless resellers buy minutes wholesale from the large long distance companies and retail them to their customers.

An MNO that does not have a frequency spectrum allocation in a particular geographical region may operate as an MVNO in that region. MVNOs can operate using any of the mobile technologies MNOs use, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), GSM and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

The first commercially successful MVNO in the UK was Virgin Mobile UK,[2] launched in the United Kingdom in 1999 and now has over 4 million customers in the UK. Its success was replicated in the US, but ventures in Australia have not been so successful, and failed in Singapore, albeit with a different strategy.

An MVNO's roles and relationship to the MNO vary by market, country and the individual situations of the MNO and MVNO. In general, an MVNO is an entity or company that works independently of the mobile network operator and can set its own pricing structures, subject to the rates agreed with the MNO. Usually, the MVNO does not own any GSM, CDMA or other core mobile network related infrastructure, such as Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs), or a radio access network. Some may own their own Home Location Register, or HLR, which allows more flexibility and ownership of the subscriber's mobile phone number (MSISDN) - in this case, the MVNO appears as a roaming partner to other networks abroad, and as a "network" within its own region. Some MVNOs run their own Billing and Customer Care solutions known as BSS (Business Support Systems). Many use an MVNE.

There is a distinction between MVNOs and service providers. MVNOs refer to mobile operators who are not licensed radio frequency holders and lease radio frequency from MNOs in order to set up their mobile virtual networks. By these virtual networks they act similar as genuine MNOs in the sense that they can have their own SIM-cards which are different from the SIM-cards of the MNOs who lease those frequencies and they can also conclude interconnection agreements with MNOs or MVNOs. Based on their virtual networks they can either provides wholesale services to their retail arms, or sell wholesale services to mobile service providers. By contrast, service providers are companies that purchase wholesale mobile minutes and resell to end-users. Normally they do not have their own SIM-cards that are provided by their hosting MNOs or MVNOs. The services provided by service providers depend on the services of the hosting MNOs or MVNOs. In addition, interconnection of service providers is carried out by their hosting MNOs or MVNOs.

JMF under Linux and solution to it

2008-03-25T14:07:00.001+07:00

/usr/java/JMF-2.1.1e/bin> ./jmstudio
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
	at sun.awt.X11.XMenuPeer.repaintMenuItem(XMenuPeer.java:360)
 	at sun.awt.X11.XMenuItemPeer.setEnabled(XMenuItemPeer.java:70)
	at sun.awt.X11.XMenuItemPeer.disable(XMenuItemPeer.java:92)
	at java.awt.MenuItem.disable(MenuItem.java:280)
	at java.awt.MenuItem.enable(MenuItem.java:267)
 	at java.awt.MenuItem.setEnabled(MenuItem.java:242)
	at JMStudio.updateMenu(JMStudio.java:1274)
	at JMStudio.(JMStudio.java:119)
	at JMStudio.createNewFrame(JMStudio.java:1412)
	at JMStudio.main(JMStudio.java:1401)
 
changing the last line of jmstudio from

exec java JMStudio $*  => exec java -Dawt.toolkit=sun.awt.motif.MToolkit JMStudio $*

PHP hacks with SUSE and Apache

2008-02-21T23:25:00.002+07:00

Create an index.php
<?php print("PHP works fine"); ?>

1) commented out this line in config file /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
#Include /etc/apache2/sysconfig.d /include.conf

2) Second problem was with php, it couldn't open *.php file in browser.

in File /etc/apache2/sysconfig.d/loadmodule.conf add the following line

LoadModule php5_module /usr/lib/apache2/mod_php5.so

3) and in /etc/apache2/mod_mime-defaults.conf this line:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

4)Copy /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini --> /etc/php.ini

5) Restart Apache
apache2ctl restart

How to change default language of blogger

2008-02-16T18:31:00.001+07:00

Clear your Internet temp folder and make sure that you have enabled cookies

in the web browser. Now open the webpage at blogger.com/language.g and

check your preferred language. Click Save settings.

Turn your Linux or Windows to Mac

2008-02-16T14:53:00.001+07:00

Whether you love Apple's design and functionality, or just want to play around with your computer, it can be both fun and helpful to emulate a Mac while running Linux. Here, you'll find tutorials, hacks, tools, and more that can help you copycat Mac.

Mac-On-Linux: Using Mac-On-Linux, you can run Mac operating systems of PowerPC Linux computers.
Mac OSX-like Linux: Read this thread to find advice for Linux users looking for a Mac experience.
Atnotes: Mac OSX offers stickies, Linux doesn't. Use Atnotes to get this function back, as well as a few extras.
KOffice: KOffice is very much comparable to AppleWorks, offering word processing, vector illustration, spreadsheets, and more.
Approcket: To get Mac's Quicksilver app launcher, try Approcket instead.
How to: Enable Rendezvous on Fedora Linux: You can advertise Linux DNS using Apple's Rendezvous. Find out how to do it here.
Mac Fonts: Check out this resource to download Mac fonts.
OSX-Tiger Theme: Download this theme that imitates OSX Tiger's Aqua theme.
GIMP: The Gnu Image Manipulation Program is a lower-powered open source Photoshop clone.
Seven Steps to turn your PC into a Mac: Although aimed at Windows XP, this tutorial is helpful for Linux as well.
Sharpkeys: If you're used to reaching for the Apple key to hit control, use Sharpkeys to switch your control and alt keys.
Top Desk: For Expose lovers, check out Top Desk. It offers the same functionality that lets you find windows fast.
AppleLinux: Download AppleLinux, and your login screen will look like Apple's.
Xamin: Get this clone of Apple's QuickTime for better Linux support.
Make Your Linux Desktop Look Like A Mac: Learn how to make Linux look like a Mac using Mac4Lin in this tutorial.
OS X Wallpaper: Download a jpg of Mac OS X wallpaper here.
Mac4Lin: Using Mac4Lin, you can get Mac OS X's user interface on GNU/Linux and Unix operating systems.
Rainlendar: This desktop calendar can be skinned to look like it's on a Mac.
OS X Splash Theme: Use this splash theme to emulate the Mac's boot screen.
How to: Make Your Ubuntu Desktop Look Like a Mac: Use this tutorial to learn how to skin Ubuntu to look like OS X Leopard.
XMMS: This application will play MP3 files similar to MacAmp.
Spotlight Emulator: Get the Mac's search functionality on Linux using this emulator.
Compiz Fusion: Compiz Fusion can be used to create desktop effects like the Mac's.
Making GNOME Look Like OS X: Transform the look of your GNOME desktop into Mac's OS X with this tutorial.
iFox Theme for Firefox: Download this theme, and your Firefox will look like it's on a Mac.
Konfabulator: Make your system look like OSX with this emulator.
Panther Icons: Download this package, and you'll get around 1,400 Mac-emulating icons.
Trillian: The Trillian IM program can be skinned to look like iChat.
Linux Desktop Imitating OS X: This tutorial will walk you through desktop effects, docks, booting, and more.
YzShadow: Get a drop shadow under your windows like Mac OS X by using this utility.
PDF Creator: Macs can print to PDF at any time. Use PDF Creator to print anything to PDF just like you would on a printer.
Apple Mail Theme for Thunderbird: Get Thunderbird to look like it's on a Mac with this theme.
Mac-style Menubar: Check out this resource to find Mac-style menubars for Ubunto, Gentoo, and more.
Turn Your PC into a Mac: Although geared towards Windows users, this guide is full of helpful information for Mac wannabes on Linux.

Three Ways To Access Linux Partitions (ext2/ext3) From Windows On Dual-Boot Systems

2008-02-16T14:20:00.000+07:00

If you have a dual-boot Windows/Linux system, you probably know this problem: you can access files from your Windows installation while you are in Linux, but not the other way round. This tutorial shows three ways how you can access your Linux partitions (with ext2 or ext3 filesystem) from within Windows: Explore2fs, DiskInternals Linux Reader, and the Ext2 Installable File System For Windows. While the first two provide read-only access, the Ext2 Installable File System For Windows can be used for read and write operations.

I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!

1 Explore2fs

In Windows, open a browser and go to http://www.chrysocome.net/explore2fs. Download the latest explore2fs zip file...

... and unpack it. In the new folder, you'll find the explore2fs executable. Double-click on it to start it:

The Explore2fs filebrowser starts; you can now browse your Linux partitions and copy&paste files to your Windows partition:

2 DiskInternals Linux Reader

Go to http://www.diskinternals.com/linux-reader and download and install the DiskInternals Linux Reader.

After the installation, the Linux Reader starts automatically and scans your hard drive for Linux partitions:

Afterwards, you can find your Windows and Linux partitions in the Linux Reader (which looks like the Windows Explorer):

Now you can browse your Linux partitions:

To copy a file/directory from a Linux partition to your Windows partition, right-click on the file/directory and select Save:

Then select the folder on your Windows partition where you want to store the file/directory:

The DiskInternals Linux Reader can be started from the normal start menu:

3 Ext2 Installable File System For Windows

The Ext2 Installable File System For Windows (which supports ext2 and ext3!) can be downloaded from http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html. During the installation you will be asked to assign a drive letter to your Linux partitions (e.g. L:); you don't need to assign a drive letter to your swap partition:

After the installation, you can find your Linux partition(s) in the normal Windows Explorer (under the drive letter that you assigned to it during the installation):

You can now browse and use your Linux partition(s) like a normal Windows partition.

As mentioned in the introduction of this article, the Ext2 Installable File System For Windows supports read and write operations on the Linux partitions. In order to test if the write support really works, we can try to create an empty folder on a Linux partition. Right-click on an empty area on the Linux partition and select New > Folder:

Enter a name for the new folder (e.g. test):

If everything goes well, you should now have a new folder on your Linux partition.

Get Info About Your BIOS / Server Hardware ( BIOS Decoder )

2008-02-16T14:12:00.001+07:00

biosdecode is a command line utility to parses the BIOS memory and prints information about all structures (or entry points) it knows of. You can find out more information about your hardware such as:

=> IPMI Device
=> Type of memory and speed
=> Chassis Information
=> Temperature Probe
=> Cooling Device
=> Electrical Current Probe
=> Processor and Memory Information
=> Serial numbers
=> BIOS version
=> PCI / PCIe Slots and Speed
=> Much more

biosdecode parses the BIOS memory and prints the following information about all structures :
=> SMBIOS (System Management BIOS)
=> DMI (Desktop Management Interface, a legacy version of SMBIOS)
=> SYSID

=> PNP (Plug and Play)
=> ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
=> BIOS32 (BIOS32 Service Directory)
=> PIR (PCI IRQ Routing)
=> 32OS (BIOS32 Extension, Compaq-specific)
=> VPD (Vital Product Data, IBM-specific)
=> FJKEYINF (Application Panel, Fujitsu-specific)

In this tip you will learn about decoding BIOS data (dumping a computer’s DMI ) and getting all information about computer hardware without rebooting the server.

More about the DMI tables

The DMI table doesn’t only describe what the system is currently made of, it also can report the possible evolutions such as the fastest supported CPU or the maximal amount of memory supported.

dmidecode - Read biosdecode data in a human-readable format

Data provided by biosdecode is not in a human-readable format. You need to use dmidecode command for dumping a computer’s DMI (SMBIOS) table contents on screen. This table contains a description of the system’s hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. Thanks to this table, you can retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware.

Task: Display information about IPMI Device

# dmidecode --type 38
Output:

# dmidecode 2.7 SMBIOS 2.4 present.  Handle 0x0029, DMI type 38, 18 bytes. IPMI Device Information         Interface Type: KCS (Keyboard Control Style)         Specification Version: 2.0         I2C Slave Address: 0x10         NV Storage Device: Not Present         Base Address: 0x0000000000000CA2 (I/O)         Register Spacing: Successive Byte Boundaries

Task: Display information about PCI / PCIe Slots

# dmidecode --type 9

# dmidecode 2.7 SMBIOS 2.4 present.  Handle 0x000E, DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information         Designation: PCIX#1-133MHz         Type: 64-bit PCI-X         Current Usage: Available         Length: Long         ID: 1         Characteristics:                 3.3 V is provided  Handle 0x000F, DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information         Designation: PCIX#2-100MHz         Type: 64-bit PCI-X         Current Usage: Available         Length: Long         ID: 2         Characteristics:                 3.3 V is provided  Handle 0x0010, DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information         Designation: PCIE#3-x8         Type: Other         Current Usage: Available         Length: Other         Characteristics:                 3.3 V is provided  Handle 0x0011, DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information         Designation: PCIE#4-x8         Type: Other         Current Usage: Available         Length: Other         Characteristics:                 3.3 V is provided  Handle 0x0012, DMI type 9, 13 bytes. System Slot Information         Designation: PCIE#5-x8         Type: Other         Current Usage: Available         Length: Other         Characteristics:                 3.3 V is provided

Task: Find out Information about BIOS

# dmidecode --type 0
Output:

# dmidecode 2.7 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes. BIOS Information         Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD         Version: 6.00         Release Date: 01/26/2007         Address: 0xE56C0         Runtime Size: 108864 bytes         ROM Size: 1024 kB         Characteristics:                 PCI is supported                 PNP is supported                 BIOS is upgradeable                 BIOS shadowing is allowed                 ESCD support is available                 Boot from CD is supported                 Selectable boot is supported                 EDD is supported                 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)                 ACPI is supported                 USB legacy is supported                 LS-120 boot is supported                 ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported                 BIOS boot specification is supported                 Targeted content distribution is supported

Understanding BIOS keywords

dmidecode --type {KEYWORD / Number }

You need to pass dmidecode following keywords:

bios
system
baseboard
chassis
processor
memory
cache
connector
slot

All DMI types you need to use with dmidecode –type {Number}:

# Type	Short Description
0	BIOS
1	System
2	Base Board
3	Chassis
4	Processor
5	Memory Controller
6	Memory Module
7	Cache
8	Port Connector
9	System Slots
10	On Board Devices
11	OEM Strings
12	System Configuration Options
13	BIOS Language
14	Group Associations
15	System Event Log
16	Physical Memory Array
17	Memory Device
18	32-bit Memory Error
19	Memory Array Mapped Address
20	Memory Device Mapped Address
21	Built-in Pointing Device
22	Portable Battery
23	System Reset
24	Hardware Security
25	System Power Controls
26	Voltage Probe
27	Cooling Device
28	Temperature Probe
29	Electrical Current Probe
30	Out-of-band Remote Access
31	Boot Integrity Services
32	System Boot
33	64-bit Memory Error
34	Management Device
35	Management Device Component
36	Management Device Threshold Data
37	Memory Channel
38	IPMI Device
39	Power Supply

Display Power supply information, enter:
# dmidecode --type 39
Display CPU information, enter:
# dmidecode --type processor
Read man page for more information:
$ man dmidecode